432 



INDEX — GLOSSARY 



Magnum bone of mammals, 386, 395. 



Malacostraca, 306-308; fossil, 306- 

 307 ; geologic range of, 306. 



Malar bone in the cat, 325. 



Malaria, 95. 



Mallophaga, 318. 



Mallotus I'illosus, 348, 348. 



Mammae, 335. 



Mammalia, 335, 373-402 ; see mammals 

 and cat. 



Mammals, 335, 373-402 ; an ascending 

 series of, 377; ankle joint of, 374; 

 causes of extinction of, 374-376; 

 digestion, etc., see cat ; exoskeleton of, 

 373 ; extinction of, from North 

 America, 375 ; geologic range of, 409 ; 

 habitats of, 3741 hoofed, 382-398; 

 in evolution, 83 ; migration of, 23 ; 

 number of digits in, 328; of the 

 Pleistocene in North America, 375 ; 

 placental, 377; principal advance of 

 in enlargement of brain, 375, 385 ; 

 recapitulation in, 326; ribs in, 326; 

 subdivisions of, 377 ; teeth of, 373. 



Mammoth, 9, 387; see also Elephas 

 primigenius preserved in Siberia, 19. 



Mammut, 387, 388, 389 ; see also mas- 

 todon ; M. americanum, 383, 387 ; 

 compared to Elephas, 389 ; teeth of, 

 389. 



Man, 400; Heidelberg, 400; modern, 

 400; Neanderthal, 400; Piltdown, 

 Eoanthropus dawsoni, 400 ; Sussex, 

 400; food of early, 381; muscles of, 

 compared to those of the cat, 329; 

 parasites in, 140, 141. 



Manatee, 398. 



Mandibles, of cat, 324, 325; of crus- 

 taceans, 280; of fishes, 346. 



Mantis shrimp, 308. 



Mantle, 184, 208-209; of brachiopods, 

 184, 193; of cephalopods, 255; of 

 gastropods, 234, 235 ; of mollusks, 

 206 ; of pelecypods, 208, 209, 209, 210, 

 211. 



Mantle muscles, in pelecypods, 209, 213. 



Mantoidea, 318. 



Maquoketa formation, fossils from, 262 ; 

 geologic age of, 262. 



Marattiaceae, 46, 63. 



Marchantia polymorpha, 43. 



Marginal plates in turtles, 366. 



Marine mammals, 374. 



Marl, 35. 



Marmosets, 399. 



Marseniidae, 243. 



Marsupialia, 374, 378; geologic range 



of, 378; subdivision of, 378. 

 Marsupials, the Marsupialia. 

 Mastigophora, 94, 100; geologic range 



of, 409. 

 Mastodon, see also Mammut; American, 



383, 387 ; compared with the elephant, 



389; extinction of, 376; in North 



America, 375. 

 Mastodonsaurus, 352. 

 Matter, inorganic, i ; organic, i. 

 Mauch Chunk formation, a flood plain 



deposit, 5 ; amphibians in, 16. 

 Maxilla, of birds, 372 ; of cat, 324, 325; 



of fishes, 346; of reptiles, 367. 

 May-flies, 319. 

 Mazon Creek, concretions from, 59; 



fossils from, 57, 58, 59. 

 Meandrina, 130. 

 Meckel's cartilage, 339. 

 Median, middle, fold, 188. 

 Median sinus, 200, 201. 

 Medulla, of the alligator, 372. 

 Medullary rays, 49. 

 Medusae, 108, iii, 121; ocelli in, iii; 



otocysts in, iii ; sense organs in, iii. 

 Meekella, 188. 

 Megalonyx jefersoni, 383. 

 Megaloptera, 319. 

 Megasecoptera, 319. 

 Megatheriidse, 382, 383; generalized 



type, 382. 

 Megatherium, 382. 



Meleagrina, 225; M. margaritifera, 225. 

 Melonechinus multiporus, 170, 171; 



ambulacra of, 170 ; genital plates of, 



770 ; interambulacra of, 170 ; ocular 



plates of, 170; spines of, 171. 

 Melonites, 171. 



Membrane, ventral, 286, 287. 

 Membranipora, 178; M. pilosa, 177; 



M. rimulata, 177; zooecia of, 178. 

 Menhaden, 153. 

 Merostomata, 309. 

 Merychippus, 393, 395 ; intermediate 



between grazing and browsing horses, 



394- 

 Mesatirhinus superior, 380. 



