442 



INDEX— GLOSSARY 



Respiration, anal, 304; of Amceba, 86; 

 of brachiopods, 186; of cat, 86; of 

 crustaceans, 285 ; of fishes, 339 ; 

 of gastropods, 235; of Hydrozoa, no; 

 of mammals, 333 ; of plants, 30 ; of 

 Protozoa, 86. 



Restoration, of a trilobite, 17; of Bel- 

 emnites, 271; of belemnoids, 18; of 

 fossils, 17-20 ; of invertebrate animals, 

 17 ; of muscular system of fossil verte- 

 brates, 32g ; of shape of organism from 

 external molds, 16; of Triarthrus, 17; 

 of vertebrate animals, 18-20; use of 

 recapitulation in, 19. 



Resupinate, inverted in position ; a re- 

 supinate brachiopod, 196, 197. 



Retina of cat's eye, 334. 



Retractor muscles, in pelecypods, 20Q, 

 210, 211, 214. 



Rhabdosome, 115. 



Rhamphorhynchus, 365. 



Rhinoceroses, 380, 392 ; causes of extinc- 

 tion of, 375 ; number of digits in, 328. 



Rhombopteria, 231, 231. 



Rhynchocephalia, 355 ; generalized 

 types, 355 ; geologic range of, 355 ; in 

 evolution, 373 ; relationship to dino- 

 saurs, 359; sole survivor of, 355. 



RhynchoneUa, igo. 



RhynchoneUids, 192. 



Rhychotrema, 201 ; R. capax, 192, 201. 



Ribs, of birds, 372; of cat, 325, 326; of 

 fish, 326; of higher mammals, 326; 

 of reptiles, 360, 362, 366, 367; of 

 snakes, 326; recapitulation in, 326; 

 upon shells, cause of, 220. 



Richmond formation, fossils of, 192 ; 

 geologic age of, 192. 



Richthojenia, 188. 



Ricinulei, 316. 



Ringworms, 140, 141-147. 



Ripple marks, fossil, 21. 



River mussels, 228. 



Rockweed, log. 



Rodentia, 381-382; see rodents. 



Rodents, j<?o, 381-382, 383; geologic 

 age of, 381, 382 ; incisors of, 381. 



Rorquals, 399. 



Rostrum ; a beak ; of .\mmonoidea, 263 ; 

 of Crustacea, 278. 



Rotalia, 91. 



Rotifer, 141. 



Rotifera, 141, 212; size of, 141. 



Round- worm, 141. 



Royal fern, 46. 



Ruminants, divergence of, 398; evolu- 

 tion of, 397 ; hollow-horned, 398 ; 

 primitive, 397 ; solid-horned, 397 ; 

 true, 397. 



Ryticeras, 262 ; R. trivolve, 263. 



Saber-tooth tigers, 381, 383; in North 



America, 375. 

 Sacculina, 305. 



Sacral vertebrae, of the cat, 326. 

 Sacrum, 323 ; see also sacral. 

 Saddles, of cephalopod shells, 253. 

 Sagartia lucice, 134. 

 Sagitta, 141. 

 Sago palms, 66. 

 St. Louis formation, fossils from, 770; 



geologic age of, 170. 

 Salamanders, 353. 

 Salmons, 348. 

 Sand dollar, 166. 

 Saprophyte, a plant which grows on 



decayed animal or vegetable matter; 



seed-plant saprophytes are colorless ; 



40. 

 Sarcodina, 84, 88 ; geologic range of, 409. 

 Sargassum, 36. 



Sassafras, 80 ; S. officinalis, 80 ; distri- 

 bution, present and past, 80. 

 Sauropoda, 360-363. 

 Sauropterygia, 356-358, 357 ; decline of, 



367 ; stomach-stones, etc., see plesio- 



saurs. 

 Sauropterygians, see Sauropterygia. 

 Sauropus primcevus, 16. 

 Scalar iidcB, 242. 

 Scallop, see Pecteri. 

 Scaphites, 265-267 ; food of plesiosaurs, 



357 ; S. nodosus brevis, 265, 267. 

 Scapholunar bone, of the cat, 327. 

 Scaphopoda, 250-251,25/ ; food of, 250; 



shells of, 250; geologic range of, 251, 



409. 

 Scapula, of cat, 32 j;, 327 ; of mammals, 



383 ; of reptiles, 360, 362, 367. 

 Scaumenacia, 344 ; S. curta, 344. 

 Sceptroneis caduceus, 34. 

 Schizophyta, 33 ; geologic range of, 408. 

 Schizopoda, 306, 307. 

 Schizopods, the Schizopoda. 



