8 GULLIVER, ON RAPHIDES. 
to find any such crystals. They are very remarkable in the 
common garden species of Iris. 
Amaryllidacee.—In all our Amaryllids raphides occur. 
They may be well seen in the leaves, scape, ovary, bulb- 
scales, and bulb; and smaller and less plentiful in the bulb 
and perianth. 
Asparagacee.—All our plants of this order are raphis- 
bearers. This character is common in the root, leaves, peri- 
anth, and ovary of Asparagus, &c., and more remarkable in 
the perianth than im the leaves of Ruscus. 
Liliacee.—Of the four tribes of this order, as they stand 
in the ‘Manual of British Botany’—I, Tulipez, destitute of 
raphides; II, Asphodelez, with Gagea and Allium, also de- 
void of raphides, though they abound in Ornithogalum and 
Scilla ; 111, Anthericez, perhaps without raphides, as I could 
not find them in a dried bit of Simethis ; while in both plants 
of IV, Hemerocallidez, raphides are abundant. Crystal prisms 
also occur more or less, especially in the exotic plants of the 
order, and these, with the distribution of raphides in foreign 
and native Liliacez, and a notice of the prismatic crystals in 
the bulb-scales of certain Onions, are more fully described in 
the ‘ Annals of Nat. Hist.’ for April, 1864, and March, 1865. 
In our plants it is easy to distinguish by the raphidian cha- 
racter alone, even in mere fragments of the leaves, the He- 
merocallidez from Tulipez and Allium. 
Colchicacee.—Excepting a few minute raphis-like objects 
in the root-fibres, the British plants of this order are quite 
without raphides. The sphzraphid-tissue occurs in Tofieldia ; 
and, among the foreign plants, Veratrum presents beautiful 
examples of this tissue, and abounds also in raphides. 
Eriocaulacee.—I could find no raphides in dried leaves of 
Eriocaulon septangulare. 
Juncacee.—In our indigenous species of Luzula and 
Juncus I have in vain searched for raphides. A few small 
raphides, or objects resembling them, occur in the leaves of 
Narthecium. 
Alismacee.—Raphides are wanting in our native species, 
as well as in the few foreign ones that I have examined. 
Typhacee.—All our plants are raphis-bearers. 
Aracee.—Raphides abound in drum, but are wanting in 
Acorus. All the exotic Araceze that I have examined are 
raphis-bearers, and so are all the orders of Professor Lind- 
ley’s Aral Alliance. As to Acorus, it is placed by him in the 
Juncal Alliance of his ‘ Vegetable Kingdom ;’ and as the type 
of the distinct order Acoracez, between Juncacee and Jun- 
caginacee, among our native plants in his ‘School Botany.’ 
