1910] Girault and Sanders — Chalcidoid Parasites 95 
them up and down, the mandibles, maxillae and labium with both 
pairs of palpi are themselves in almost constant motion, but so far as 
observed, they play no part as organs of sensation, with the possible 
exception of the maxillary palpi. Sometimes, the male rubs but one 
of the flagella of the female, turning the head to one side. No other 
movements than these are observable, but there is some variation in 
the occurrence of either of the two movements described, and also in 
the number of times they are repeated before sexual union is per- 
mitted by the female. ‘The male may be received coldly; he may 
make the movements without attempting union, or after alternating 
them three or four times, he may attempt union without success and 
then run forward to repeat the actions, and this may continue as long 
as the female permits, either resulting successfully or unsuccessfully. 
In the presence of other females, if received coldly, the male soon tires, 
leaves and seeks another mate. In order to attempt union, the male 
has to reverse his position, and run back to the tip of the abdomen 
of ‘the female where he usually reaches over the tips of the wings and 
senses with the antennae, quickly’ turning and reaching around again 
with the tip of his abdomen, to gain entrance into the vaginal orifice. 
Or, on the other hand, he may simply back quickly to the caudal end 
of the female and attempt union. In one case, previously cited. 
coition lasted for fourteen seconds; in another, for ten seconds. 
Mating is promiscuous for both sexes. 
The following example may be cited. From a puparium of a host 
a male emerged during the afternoon of April 28, 1909; by 9:30 A. M. 
the following day a female had emerged, and shortly afterwards the 
pair were in ardent courtship; at 9:45 A. M., sexual union occurred, 
lasting for ten seconds. The male then ran forward again over the 
back of his mate and rubbed his head up and down her flagella, one 
of the movements of courtship; he then left. After 30 seconds the 
male again quickly mounted his mate and repeated the two alternate 
movements, described in foregoing, continuously for 45 seconds and 
left for the same length of time. After a minute of attentions he made 
an unsuccessful attempt to unite with the female, and then left her 
for some time (12 minutes). Courting was recommenced after this 
interval of time, continuing for five minutes but with no attempt to 
unite. Subsequent matings followed during the next 24 hours, though 
13 minutes after the last visit of the male, the female had crawled to 
some host puparia which engaged her attention, and both were less 
taken with each other. 
