66 Psyche [April 
it practically an unlimited field in which to work as most of our park 
and shade trees are in a more or less unhealthy state, due to the lack 
of a proper amount of water and to crowding as well as to many other 
unfavorable conditions. 
The first of December, 1909, some limbs which were about three 
inches in diameter and showed evidence of containing larvae, were 
sawed into short pieces and placed in the hot house in large glass jars. 
To get advantage of a high temperature the jars were placed directly 
over the steam pipes and kept well covered. Several times a week 
the pieces of limbs were submerged in water for an instant in order to 
keep them sufficiently moist so that development might continue. 
On January 13, 1910, the first adult beetles made their appearance. 
Some of the limbs were barked and pupae were found in various 
stages of development. The adult beetles were put into small dishes 
containing small pieces of fresh elm limbs. ‘The females began almost 
immediately to make their burrows. When the galleries were about 
10 mm. in length I noticed that the males were beginning to loiter 
about the mouths of the burrows, one male to each opening. Occa- 
sionally they would take a hand in removing the boring-dust from the 
entrance. Very often they would sally forth on a sort of exploration 
trip which would last only for a few minutes, then they would return 
to the same opening they had previously left. From two to five days 
after this relationship had begun copulation took place, and, as was 
supposed by Eichhoff and others, this occurred at the entrance to the 
burrow. The time required was from five to ten minutes in the cases 
observed. Activity was then resumed. The male seldom left the 
entrance afterwards but kept busying himself removing boring dust. 
The pairs that mated in this way were isolated with as little disturbance 
as possible and placed in other dishes in order that daily observations 
might be made on them. The females continued to excavate their 
chambers, which in this species are quite straight and always with the 
grain of the wood. ‘Ten days after copulation I opened the chamber 
of one of the pairs that had been isolated. On each side of the mother 
gallery and connecting with it were miniature chambers. In each was 
a small, shining white egg, securely packed into its place by bits of 
boring dust. ‘The two parent beetles were placed in another dish with 
some new elm. Ina day or two both were found dead. I then opened 
the chamber of a second pair of beetles. ‘This one contained eighteen 
eggs and it was somewhat longer than the first. I removed the parents 
