48 QUARTERLY CHRONICLE. 



paper he gives a brief summary of some of his results, more 

 especially criticising the statements lately put forAvard by 

 M. de Quatrefages in his volumes on the natural history of 

 the Annelids. He pays a high tribute to Delle Chiaje, for 

 he remarks, " In every page in the course of this memoir I 

 shall have to bring Delle Chiaje out of the undeserved 

 obscurity in Avhich he has too often remained immersed, and 

 to show him shining in the front rank. I hope I shall not 

 be accused of partiality in his favour. If I often leave his 

 errors, which, I admit, are numerous, in oblivion, it is be- 

 cause they have no influence on the progress of science." 

 M. Claparede is very severe on M. de Quatrefages for 

 neglecting the bibliography of his subject^ and for not fully 

 verifying references, &c., and he also condemns (as we had 

 occasion to do) the numerous new species which he has made 

 from specimens preserved in spirit in the Paris museum. In 

 the present sketch of his own work, IM. Claparede gives a 

 running: comment on the 'Histoire Naturelle des Anneles,' 

 and discusses various pomts m their order of treatment in 

 that work. We can here notice only one or two points. 

 The integument is described by Professor Claparede as com- 

 posed of two layers — one internal and cellular (cor'mm, 

 Eathke), corresponding with the subcuticular or chiti- 

 nogcnous layer of the other articulata ; the other extra- 

 cellular, the cuticle {epidermis, Eathke), sometimes very 

 delicate, and sometimes composed of a thick layer of chitin. 

 Kolliker is the author who has studied the integuments 

 carefully, but his observations are not mentioned by de 

 Quatrefages. The cells of the hypodcrmis are often not 

 well defined, but present scattered nuclei in a j^ranular 

 stratiim, as has been seen in some Arthropoda. The cuticle 

 when thick ])resents a double series of striae crossing at right 

 angles, which have been well observed by Kolliker. The 

 tubular pores which perforate the integument, when they 

 exist, are distributed in lines congruent with these stritr. 

 Kolliker doubted whether these pores should be compared to 

 the tubular pores (Porenkanale) of the Arthropoda, or 

 whether they Avere the apertures of cutaneous glands, such as 

 those described by Leydig in the Piscicola?, or, again, might 

 they represent the liar is of insects and Crustacea ? Claparede 

 states that the two categories of pores exist in Annelida, and 

 he has described them minutely in Eunice — both large 

 glandular pores fcAV and scattered, and minute numerous 

 canal-pores. In the subcuticular layer exist glandular folli- 

 cles in all parts of the Avorni, discl\arging themselves out- 

 Avards by the large scattered granular pores ; some of these 



