1914] Smith—The Development of Anopheles punctipennis Say 5) 
half circle with mouth parts upward, next to the surface film; but 
when feeding on a filament, usually the mouth parts are under- 
neath and the head is bent downward. When feeding in this 
position, the antennz and maxillary palpi are spread wide apart, 
bristles and hairs all extended. The large lateral bristles, outside 
the antennz are held out like a fan, and the six branched hairs 
on the top of the head are raised, making a complete hedge above 
the rotating brushes. 
If particles of food are scarce in the surface film, the young larvee 
bend and run their brushes over their own bodies as far as possible, 
the limit of their reach being apparent by the Vorticelle and 
diatoms clinging to the anterior parts of some unlucky individuals. 
Naturally these are not so active in their movements as the others. 
In eating the filaments they swing the brushes: furiously until 
a filament is brought within reach. Or they dive in among the 
filaments, head down and brushes rotating. Sometimes they 
merely crush out the contents of the cells, at least in the case of 
large zygospores of Spirogyra, leaving the empty filaments. In 
that case they grasp the filament anywhere and run it through 
the mandibles, swallowing only the green parts. The delicate 
filaments of Zygnema and Mougeotia are swallowed entirely, also 
slender filaments of Spirogyra. They show considerable prefer- 
ence for the more delicate filaments. Usually they draw the fila- 
ment into the mouth with the rotating brushes, bite it in two, and 
then rapidly draw in one broken end. They rarely leave a fila- 
ment partly consumed, and often go back to the other broken end. 
The food of the larva of A. punctipennis, is not necessarily 
entirely of an herbivorous nature. Once I saw two young water 
fleas (Simocephalus) almost dragged into the abyss. They strug- 
gled valiantly and escaped by setting up counter currents with 
their feet. The three currents could be seen close to one another. 
One went too near and lost an antenna which was broken and 
swept in by the brushes. It drew back but was temporarily in- 
capacitated and unable at once to leave the vicinity. Finally, 
it escaped. A little Chydorus all but lost its life, being drawn in 
by the brushes, but escaped. 
Fatalities. Dr. J. B. Smith in his report on the Mosquitoes of 
New Jersey (1904) gave a detailed account of the enemies of mos- 
quitoes. He remarked that the larva actually faces greater dan- 
