56 Psyche [April 
lines that a detailed comparison is not worth while; for instance 
his Lasiocampide are here divided among the Saturniide, Lono- 
miide, Eupterotide, Lasiocampide, and Megalopygide, members 
of most of which also occur in others of his families. 
The characters used are in general familiar, and fully explained, 
for instance, in Smith’s Glossary of Entomology, but the following 
points may not be clear. The “quadrifid’” venation is that 
in which M, and M3; are so closely associated with the stem of 
cubitus as to appear more or less dislocated branches of it, as 
well as the two true branches of cubitus; in the trifid venation 
only M; is associated with cubitus, and Mz is free, associated with 
the radial stem, or lost; of course in primitive forms, where the 
medials keep their basal connection direct, the cubitus has only 
the two branches that properly belong to it. 
When only one pair of palpi are developed they are the labial; 
but in a few primitive forms, such as Prodoxus, the maxillary 
palpi are the larger and more conspicuous—they can be easily 
distinguished by their attachment to the tongue, and in these 
primitive forms by their larger number of joints (5) and free 
movability, being folded near the middle in repose, and usually 
in dead material. 
Aculeze are minute spinules scattered over the wing-membrane. 
They are several times as numerous as the scales, but so small 
as only to be visible with higher powers of the microscope, and 
being covered by the scales can only be seen in bleached and 
stained or denuded wings. In the Micropterygide, Hepialide, 
Prodoxidee, Adelidze and Nepticulide they are generally distrib- 
uted; in the Heliozelide, Tischeriidee and Opostegide they are 
mostly in the region of the base of the cell of the fore wing, and 
somewhat difficult to find; while in all the other Lepidoptera 
they are absent, except for a patch of enlarged modified ones 
near the base of the inner edge of the fore wing. 
The antennz in the great majority of Lepidoptera have regu- 
larly imbricated scales on the upper side of the shaft, while the 
sides, pectinations when present, and under side are covered 
only with minute sensory hairs. In the lowest families, however, 
such as the Tineidee, the whole surface is scaled, and on the other 
hand the Saturniidee have lost all the scales except on the basal 
joint. 
