ZOOPHYTOLOGY. 25 



This species differs from the Laguncula {Farrella) elongata 

 of Van Beneden, in the j>Teat length and slenderness of the 

 pedicle, which is usually two or three times the length of the 

 cell, and does not enlarge towards the top, as in the latter 

 species. The cells are rather narrower above than in F. 

 elongata, and the number of tentacles does not exceed twelve 

 in any of the specimens that I have examined. The animal, 

 as seen through the transparent cell-walls, is of a pale 

 yellowish colour, with a brownish red patch, indicating the 

 position of the stomach. The ovaries are white. The l)ase 

 of the cell is finely wrinkled, and at its junction with the 

 pedicle it forms a kind of joint, which can be more or less 

 twisted at the will of the animal, 



2. Fam. Alci/onidiadce. 



Alcyonidium mamillatum, n. sp. PI. XIII, figs. 3, 4. 



Encrusting, semitranspareut, brownish, covered with rather long, stout, 

 and strongly wrinkled papilla?, from which the polypides issue ; tentacles 

 16 or 18. 



On old shells from deep water, Cullercoats ; not uncommon. 



When carefully examined this species can be readily dis- 

 tinguished from those hitherto known by the greater size 

 and elevation of the papillae, which, although varying much 

 in length, according to their state of contraction, are always 

 sufficiently prominent to be easily recognised. When most 

 contracted they appear like strong mamillse, but their more 

 usual form, when the polypide is withdrawn, is elongate- 

 conical ; when it is expanded, they are cylindrical and nearly 

 linear. This species is parasitical on old univalve shells, 

 which it envelopes with a sub-coriaceous crust, never rising 

 into a free state. No septa are visible excepting in the 

 margin of young specimens, or when examined as a trans- 

 parent object in the microscope. 



Alcyonidium albidum, \\. sp. PI. XIII, figs. 5, 6. 



Encrusting, semitransparent, yellowish white ; general envelope incon- 

 spicuous ; polypides prominent, ventricose, flask-shaped, sub-recumbent, 

 becoming erect towards the aperture, which is truncate when contracted ; 

 tentacles 18, 



Surrounding the stem of Plumilaria falcata in small patches ; from the 

 deep-water fishing boats, rare. 



This species looks somewhat like a cluster of separate 

 animals ; the polypides being prominent and united to each 

 other by narrow septa, which are scarcely perceptible. When 

 the polypide is extended it is columnar, tapering slightly 

 upwards, and expanding into a slight ridge IdcIow the fasci- 

 culated sheath. 



vol. v. d 



