CUIIREY, ON FUNGI. 121 



disclosing the internal cell in the clearest manner possible. 

 Corda, too, has figured the internal cell in his ' Icones Fun- 

 gornm/ vol. iv, pi. v, fig. 70, 6 ^ ; he calls it " Mark-Zeile." 



The germination of the spores of Phragmidium, Puccinia, 

 and Triphragmium, is well worth some trouble to witness. I 

 know no microscopical objects of greater beauty than a 

 number of fruits of Phragmidium in active germination. 

 Tulasne was the first to call attention to it, and I am not 

 aware that any subsequent observations have been published. 

 I have myself seen the process in a few species, the particu- 

 lars of some of which may be worth mentioning. 1 found 

 (as was previously observed by Tulasne) that the fruits of 

 Phragmidium and Triphragmium would not germinate in 

 the summer in which they were produced, but I think fur- 

 ther observations are necessary before it can be assumed that 

 this is invariably the case. If, however, the fruit be taken 

 from leaves which have either lived, or fallen and lain on the 

 ground, through the winter, and be placed in water and kept 

 in a moist atmosphere, there is no difficulty in producing 

 germination. Long tubular filaments are produced from the 

 different ceils, which attain a length of four or five times 

 that of the fruit. These filaments have a small quantity of 

 granular orange- coloured matter, which usiially accumulates 

 towards the extremity. At the end of these filaments septa 

 are found, varying in number, but not exceeding four, and 

 dividing the extremity into as many small joints, each of 

 which protrudes a small spicule or sterigma, the apex of 

 which expands into a globular cell, into which the orange- 

 coloured endochrome passes. These globular cells (which 

 Tulasne calls sporidia) eventually fall off, and commence 

 germination on their own account. Figs. 18 and 19 repre- 

 sent two fruits of Phragmidium bulbosum, the germ-fila- 

 ments of which have already produced their sporidia. Two 

 of them have each produced two sporidia, one of them has 

 produced three, and the other four. These sporidia are of 

 a brilliant glittering orange colour, which, contrasted with 

 the transparent filaments and the rich dark brown of the 

 fruit itself, produce a combination of colour which is very 

 striking. Fig. 20 represents a sporidium which has fallen off, 

 and commenced germination by throwing out two filaments, 

 one of which exhibits lateral protrusions which seem to be the 

 commencement of branches. 



With regard to the germination of the Puccinise, which in 

 substance is very similar to that of Phragmidium, I have 

 noticed two instances of departure from what Tulasne con- 

 siders to be the rule. I understand his opinion to be that 



