42 Lyrifonn Organs. Odoriferous Glands 



fourth pail- and found short lines on the posterior surface of each joint, viz. three on femur, 

 two each on patella, tibia, metatarsus and the last joint of tarsus, and one each on tro- 

 chanter and the first joint of tarsus. On the anterior surface of trochanter there are two lines, 

 but none on the front side of any other joint. A solitary transverse line was found on 

 the upper surface, and another on the under surface of either branch of ovipositor, beyond 

 their middle. 



If in conclusion we take a general survey of the occurrence and peculiarities of these 

 organs in the whole order Opiliones, we gather the following results. Regularly formed lyri- 

 form organs, j)roperly so called, such as occur on several joints of the five pairs of 

 appendages in Aranese and at least on one joint of the locomotory limbs of Scorpiones, are 

 not found in any Opiliones. On trochanter of the walking legs in Palpatores, and on the 

 basal joint of antennaj in Phalangium, five or even more lines are found together fomiing a 

 group of lines, but they are not arranged in regular order as to length, shape, or mutual 

 distance in these groups ; a few lines are also not rarely found near each other on the 

 proximal joints of the limbs, but otherwise the lines occur solitary. Their length is different 

 in different parts of the body and in different systematic divisions, but the minute expanded 

 point where the nerve terminates is always near the middle of the line. Lines are generally, 

 perhaps always, found on the dorsal shield of cephalothorax, they are always found in at least 

 most abdominal tergites and sternites, always on the basal joint of antennae, on the 

 femoral part of palpi and on trochanter and femur of the walking legs, at least generally 

 but perhaps always on their coxjb as well. Lines may be found besides on the second joint 

 of antennae, on the mandibles, most of the joints of palpi, and on several, in Cyphophthalmi 

 even in all, joints of the walking legs. If we compare this result with those obtained 

 by Gaubert and supplemented by Hansen with regard to Aranese, and with Hansen's results 

 in regard to Pedipalpi, Scorpiones, Chelonethi and Solifugaj, we find that as regards the 

 distribution and structure of the lyriform organs Opiliones approach more nearly to Amblypygi 

 than to any other division, less to Oxopcei and Chelonethi, still less to Araneae, but stand 

 the farthest from Scorpiones where these organs only occur on the limbs, not to speak of Solifugaj, 

 in which order they have hitherto been discovered only on antennae. According to Hansen 

 and Sorensen (a) lyriform organs are completely wanting in Palpigradi, and it will be pointed 

 out in the sequel of this paper, that it has not been possible to find them in Ricinulei. 



7. T7ie odoriferous Glands. 



The earliest mention of some Opiliones being remarkable on account of a peculiar smell 

 is due to Latreille who in 1804 {b, p. 317) says of "Phalangium": — ''plusieurs especes 

 ont une odeur tres-forte de feuilles de noyers." But it was long before naturalists obtained 

 clear knowledge of the glands which secrete the smelling matter. Latreille had indeed seen 

 the orifices of the glands, but had mistaken them {b, p. 315) for a second pair of .spiracles, 

 to which they may perhaps be found to bear some resemblance. Treviranus (p. 2.5) and 

 Tulk (p. 156) mistook them, in the common harvest spiders, for eyes, because in these 

 species they are of dark colour and shine through the skin. This mistake was repeated 

 in 1862 by Leydig although Gervais had already in 1849 (6, p. 19) stated with regard 



