62 Respiratory and Sexual Orr/ans 



In Palpatores, on the contrary, the spiracles offer more variety. In all Phalangioida? 

 they are placed in the space between the fourth pair of coxae and abdomen, they are 

 large, rather wide open and visible when the coxa is turned a little forward'. In the other 

 families, they are sometimes placed in this groove, as in Nemastomatoida; and in Troguloidae, 

 excepting Ainopaum ; in others they are visible closely behind this groove as in Ischyrop- 

 salidoidffi. But in all these three families, the spiracles are generally small, always latticed-, or 

 perhaps even formed like a sieve ; they have the shape of a band, which only in Ischyropsalis 

 is of considerable width, but is always curved, the curvature pointing backwards ; generally 

 they are only slightly curved, but in lachyropsalis so much that they must be described 

 as semilunar. We draw attention to this because the structure of the .spiracles affords 

 more comprehensive systematic characters within Palpatores, than those earlier used by 

 Sorensen (d). 



The two very small spiracles which Hansen has pointed out (6, pp. 198 — 204) on tibia of 

 all four pairs of legs in several Phalangioida^, and which according to Loman (e) become open 

 onlj' towards or at the full sexual development of the uidividual, occur ouly in that family 

 of Palpatores. We repeat this here, though it has been stated already by Hansen, because 

 we have investigated this point in many more species than Hansen had then examined ; 

 they are found in all the genera of Phalangioidre which are represented in our Museum ; 

 but in none of the other families or sub-orders is there any trace of them. 



12. The Sexual Organs. 



The Cyphophthalrai differ from the other sub-orders far more in the sexual than 

 in the other interior organs, and this is particularly the case with their terminal portions, 

 penis and ovipositor. In all Opiliones female sexual organs comprise besides ovipositor, an 

 unpaired but symmetrical curved ovary which occupies a transverse position underneath the 

 alimentary canal, and a pair of oviducts arising, one from either end of the ovary. These 

 combine into a common canal, of which a part is expanded so as to form the so-called 

 "uterus," in which a not inconsiderable quantity of eggs remain for some time in order 

 to attain their final development and be clothed with an eggshell. The terminal portion 

 of the common oviduct is continued into ovipositor as far as the place where the latter is 

 cleft. Ovipositor is furnished with receptacula seminis. From the fig. 1 r, PI. IV., which 

 represents the female sexual organs below the " uterus " (m) in Purcellia, it may be seen 

 that they do not differ from what is found in Laniatores'' or Palpatores^ except as regards 

 the dimensions, which are a little different. 



The male sexual organs in Opiliones comprise besides penis an unpaired symmetrical 



testis, similar to the ovary in shape and position, and continued at either extremity in a 



delicate vas deferens ; these two vessels unite into a vesicula seminalis of elongated shape, 



which enters penis. In Cyphophthalmi vesicula seminalis is rather wide and very long, 



1 According to Simon (fc, p. 158) the spiracles are spiracles in Troffulus siiiuosus are not latticed; what he 



" caches" in .S'cifi-osomrt and allied genera, but " apparents" descrihes as thicker lines in the membrane are the bars, 



in the other Phalangioidaj. Nor can there be any reasonable doubt that he has made 



' While referring to Sorensen (6, p. 149, note 3) we wish the same mistake in Amopaum. 

 to observe, that by examination of a I'royulus rostratus we * See Sorensen (i). 



have convinced ourselves that it is a mistake, undoubtedly * See Krohn, Loman («) and particularly de Graaf. 



due to a defective preparation, when he states that the 



