54 Ovipositor in Palpatores and Cypltophtliahni 



According to de Graaf the}' consist of a dorsal and a ventral half; and as he has already 

 noticed, they become less distinct, or even at last quite effaced, in the hindmost part. 

 The apical part of ovipositor is cleft into two lateral portions, consisting; each of three 

 very movable joints, of which the terminal one is considerably longer than the others. 

 Thus the distal extremity of ovipositor is converted into a kind of soft forceps with broad 

 blades. Of the rings which compose the trunk of ovipositor, those near the base have no 

 setse, but the others are furnished with them, placed in whorls round the organ and 

 increasing somewhat in number and length towards the end (conip. de Graaf, pp. 61, 62). 

 On the joints of the forceps the setse are considerably longer ; on each of the first two 

 joints there is only one whorl of them, but on the terminal joint there are three whorls, 

 the last consisting of three setse, one apical, one dorsal, and one ventral. But besides 

 these setse, the terminal joint of the forceps is furnished with a wart-like prominence 

 placed on the outer side near the end, connected with the forceps by means of an ar- 

 ticulation, and carrying a pencil of short setae or spines. Both these and the other setse 

 on the forceps are organs of feeling which receive nerves from a ganglion in the extreme 

 joint of the forceps (see de Graaf p. SO, and Sorensen, c, fig. 18). Concerning the lyriform 

 organs on ovipositor in Phalangioidse we refer to what was stated above in section 6, p. 40. 



In the other three families of Palpatores ovipositor exhibits a structure not a little 

 different from that just described. In the first place it is never so long as in Phalangioidas, 

 but at the same time it is thicker, not only in proportion but absolutely. In the next 

 place the division into rings, which is seen in Phalangioidse, though more or less indistinct 

 in the hindmost part of ovipositor, must be said not to exist in the other families excepting 

 on the cleft extremity or forceps, and even on this, when we think ourselves able to 

 distinguish two joints, these are by no means sharply separated. In Ischyropsalis dispar 

 and luteipes they are so indistinct that we have not represented them on our figui-e. In 

 these three families, moreover, ovipositor differs from the same organ in Phalangioidse in 

 being without the pair of warts covered with setai which are found in the latter on the 

 sides of the terminal joint of the forceps near the apex, and forceps is very short. Finally 

 the chitine is always rather thin apart from the spines occurring on ovipositor, which 

 consequently is more or less soft. In Ischyntpsalis dispar and hdeipes ovipositor is smooth 

 except for the short setse and fine hairs near the end, the disposition of which is represented 

 on PI. VI., fig. 3. In Nemastomatoidse (iV. laguhre and argenteo-lumdatuvi) the two 

 distal thirds of ovipositor (PI. VI., rig. 5) are furnished with rather long setse, placed on 

 broad but very low bases. The majority of the seta? on the forceps are considerably longer 

 than those on the trunk of ovipositor; those on the very end are much shorter than the 

 others. In Troguloidte ovipositor is equipped with numerous strong spines, which, however, 

 are fewer and less strong near the base, but somewhat longer on the joints of the forceps. 

 Those on ovipositor itself are inserted on very high conical prominences, which where they 

 stand close together (PI. VI., fig. 7) are broader at their bases than the interspaces between 

 them. On the forceps the spines are longer, but their bases are very low. As in Nemastoma 

 the setse which occupy the apex of ovipositor are shorter than the others. 



In Cyphophthalmi ovipositor bears not a little resemblance to that of Phalangioida;. 

 Not only does it terminate in a forceps, which must be called long, particularly as its 

 blades are not divided into joints, but the . trunk is composed of joints which are all quite 

 distinctly marked but vary considerably as to number in different species; there are 37 in 



