ZOOPHYTOLOGY. 255 



Fam. Membraniporidje. 



Gen. 5. Membranipora, Jolinst. 



1. M. SojMce, n. sp. PI. I., fig. 7. 



An avicularium on either side, on the margin of the aperture. Two mar- 

 ginal spines on either side below the aviciilaria. 



Hab. Assistance Bay (ut s^ipra). On fucus. Dr. Sutherland. 



The species to which the present form most nearly approaches are. — 

 M. Flemingii, B. M. Cat., p. 58. 

 M. lineata, Linn. 

 M.fallax, Fleming. 



From the first of these it is distinguished by the position of the avicu- 

 laria and the number and situation of the marginal spines. From the 

 second by the small number of the spines, and the position of the avicu- 

 laria. From the third, about whose distinctness Dr. Johnston, as I think 

 erroneously, appears to have doubts, by the number and situation of the 

 aviciilaria, and the number and situation of the marginal spines. Of the 

 three it most nearly approaches M. Flemingii, but I entertain no doubt of 

 its distinctness. 



2. M. Flemmgii. B. M. Cat., p. 58. PI. LXI., fig. 2 ; PL LXXXIV., 



fig. 4, 5, 6 ; Ph CIV., fig. 2, 3, 4. 

 Hab. Arctic sea. Sir E. Belcher. 

 Gen. 6. Lepralia, Johnst. 



1. L. hyalina, Linn. B. M. Cat., p. 84. PI. LXXXIL, fig. 1, 2, 3 ; 



PI. XCV., fig. 3, 4, 5 ; PL CL, fig. 1, 2. 



Hab. Assistance Bay and W. Greenland (ut supra). On fucus. 6 to 

 20 fms. 



This species, which is liable to numerous varieties, ranges from the 

 Arctic almost to the Antarctic seas, and abounds in all intermediate lati- 

 tudes. Its longitudinal range appears to be nearly equally extensive. It 

 occurs, for instance, in the Falkland Islands, Darwin ; Cape of Good 

 Hope, Harvey ; California, Br. Sinclair ; and is common in the seas of 

 Europe. 



2. L. scutulata, n. sp. PL II., fig. 1, 2. 



Cells ovate ; a scutiform or ovate space on the front, bounded by a 

 raised line, within which the surface is punctate. Mouth rounded above, 

 lower lip straight ; a projecting rostrum below the mouth, sometimes 

 absent. Ovicell 



Hab. W. Greenland (ut sujira). On fucus. Dr. Sutherland. 



A very peculiar and distinct form. It is remarkable by the circumstance 

 that the cells gradually diminish in size from the centre to the periphery 

 of the patch formed by the polyzoary. 



Fam. EscHARiD^. 



Gen. 7. Eschara, Pay. 



1. E. cervicornis, Ellis and Soland. B. M. Cat. PL CIX., fio- 7 • 



PI, CXIX., fig. 1. 

 Hab. Arctic sea. Sir E. Belcher. 



The fragments collected, which are of some size, indicate that this 

 species flourishes in full vigour in the Arctic ocean. 



2. E. ? n. sp. ? 

 Hab. Arctic sea. Sir E. Belcher. 



This form, the determination of which has not been made as yet with 

 sufficient certainty, appears to be new. The polyzoary is composed of 



