STRATIGRAPHY OF AMERICAN CARBONIFEROUS. 15 



acteristic forms of the Vis^ formation are Goniaiites crenistria Phillips, G. 

 sphcericus JMartin, G. striatus Sowerby, Ghjphioceras calyx Phillips, all of 

 which occur in America in the same horizon. 



UPPER CARBONIFEROUS. 



Lower Coal Measures. — Goniatites are known certainly in Americf> 

 from the Lower Coal ^Measures at but a single locality, near Morrillton, in 

 Arkansas, whei'e Parakf/oceras neivsomi Smith was found; this rarity of 

 cephalopods from this horizon is due in part to the fact that the marine 

 beds of the Lower Coal Measures have been deposited chiefly in the South- 

 west, and that most of this time is represented in Missouri, Illinois, Indiana, 

 and adjacent States by an erosion interval. 



3Iid(lle Coal Measures. — The Middle or Productive Coal Measures have 

 furnished goniatites in but few places. The following fossils have been found 

 in this formation : In Illinois, Prolecanites f compactiis Meek and Worthen, 

 Glyphioceras liathuicayanum McChesney ; in Iowa, Paralegoceras ioivense Meek 

 and Worthen; in Kentucky, Gastrioceras occidentalc Miller and Faber, G. 

 nolmense Cox, Neoicoceras clkhornense Miller and Gurley, Goniatites lunatus 

 Miller and Gurley; in Arkansas, Gastrioceras excelsmn Meek, G. glohulosum 

 Meek and Worthen, G. carhonarimn Buch, G. listeri Martin, Pronorites siehen- 

 tliali Smith; in Missouri, Goniatites politus Shumard, Gastrioceras welleri 

 Smith ; in Texas, Popanoceras parkeri Heilprin. 



This formation has commonly been called Lower Coal Measures in 

 the States within the i\Iississi])pi Valley, but it does not form the bottom 

 of the series, and in Arkansas is separated from the limestone.^ of the 

 Mississippian by several thousand feet of shales and sandstones — the 

 so-called Arkansan formation. 



This fauna is represented in the zone of Gastrioceras listeri in western 

 Europe, especially in Silesia, Belgium, and England. 



Upper Coal Measures. — The Upper Coal Measures have furni.shed the 

 following species: In Illinois, Gastrioceras fjlohulosum Meek and Worthen, 

 G. montgomeryense IMiller awd Gurley, G. illinoisense Miller and Gurley, 

 Gonioloboceras welleri Smith, Schistoceras fultonense Miller and Gurley; in 

 Ohio, Schistoceras hihlrethi Morton, ''Goniatites" coluhrellus Morton; in 

 Missouri, Milleroceras jiarrishi Miller and Gurley, Gastrioceras excelsum 

 Meek, G. kansasense Miller and Gurley, G. phmorhifornw Shumard, G. 



