68 MAN. 



tropical, and the conditions favorable. As an anthropo- 

 morphic ape (Dryopitheciis Fontanii) then lived, there exists 

 no physiological reason why man should not have lived 

 also. Recent explorations have justified this reasoning. 



The following is the enumeration of works of art found 

 in conjunction with the mastodon: 



The discovery made by M. Bourgeois of flint flakes and 

 scrapers, in the Miocene strata of Thenaj^, along with the 

 bones of the mastodon, is rejected by some geologists, as 

 an evidence of Miocene man, because M. Bourgeois did 

 not show that the implements may not have been ulti- 

 mately derived from the surface of the ground, where they 

 were abundant. M. Hany, who appears to be competent 

 to speak on the subject, declares that the discovery is gen- 

 uine, and proves that man was an inhabitant of Miocene 

 Europe. 



In 1869, M. Bourgeois found, in a stratum of Miocene 

 near Pontlevoy, numerous worked flints, and other flints 

 which had been subjected to the action of heat. These 

 works of man were beneath five distinct beds, one of which 

 contained the rolled bones of the mastodon, rhinoceros, 

 and dinotherium. This evidence would place man back 

 of the time of these individual animals. 



Mr. Frank Calvert, in 1873, discovered, near the Dar- 

 danelles, a fragment of a bone belonging either to the 

 mastodon or the dinotherium, on the convex side of which 

 was engraved a horned quadruped, having an arched neck, 

 lozenge-shaped chest, long body, straight fore-legs, and 

 broad feet. There are traces of other figures, which, how- 

 ever, were nearly obliterated. In the same stratum he 

 also found a flint flake, and several bones broken as if for 

 the extraction of the marrow. Mr. Calvert thinks that 

 this stratum undoubtedly belongs to the Miocene. It was 

 necessary to discredit this story, so "Professor George 

 Washburn, of Roberts College, Constantinople," stepped 



