u 



MAN. 



Sketch of the Mammoth on Ivory 

 from. La Madeleine. 



separates it from the elephant, for the latter never sets up 

 the tail, and has no bunch of hair at the end of it. Dr. 

 Falconer was present when this discovery was made, and 

 the skillful eye of this eminent palaeontologist, accustomed 

 Fig 8. to the study 



of the probos- 

 c i d i a n s , at 

 once made out 

 that its charac- 

 teristics were 

 the same as 

 those of the 

 mammoth of 

 the Glacial 



Age. About the same time the Marquis Vibraye discov- 

 ered on the banks of the Yesere, Dordogne (France), au- 

 other engraving of the mammoth made on a slab of slate. 



These ancient artists dealt in no fancy sketches and 

 made no caricatures. They endeavored to outline the 

 forms of animals and plants with scrupulous care. The 

 sketches of the mammoth were not the result of blun- 

 dering and careless artists, but were serious attempts to 

 reproduce reality, and in executing these sketches they 

 also must have seen the living animal. It is almost posi- 

 tive that these sketches date back to the beginning of the 

 Reindeer Epoch, which would consequently give them an 

 antiquity of not less than fifteen thousand years. 



YII. ALLUVIUM. 



Alluvium is the name generally given to the deposits 

 of earth, sand, gravel, and other transported matter, made 

 by running streams, especially during times of flood. It 

 constitutes the flat lands on either side of the stream, and 

 is usually in thin layers, owing to the amount that is suc- 

 cessively deposited. These deposits have been many thou- 

 sands of years in forming. 



