THE LONG-JAWED MASTODON 



— a single pair — in its lower jaw when it is quite 

 young. These drop out in the American masto- 

 dons, but we have here a photograph (Fig. 79) 

 of the skeleton of a much older mastodon, the re- 

 mains of which were dug up in strata of the 

 Middle Miocene (not only below Pleistocene, but 



Fig. 78a. — Molar teeth of Mastodon arvernensis, photographed 

 from specimens found in the Red Crag of Suffolk. These 

 molars have five transverse ridges : that on the left shows 

 the bony fangs beneath the crown of the tooth. 



below Pliocene and below Upper Miocene) in 

 France. This skeleton is preserved in the Museum 

 of Paris, where the photograph was taken. You 

 will see that its head differs in many ways from 

 that of elephants and the late American masto- 

 don. It has an extraordinarily long lower 



115 



