362 R. R. BENSLEY. 



fundus glands, but that " pepsin formation is not necessarily 

 connected with the formation of coarse granules;" and further, 

 that '' the chief cells of the fundus are a highly differentiated 

 form of the pyloric gland- cells." 



The introduction of new methods has made us acquainted 

 with new points of difference between the two kinds of cells. 



Schiefferdecker ^ found that the pyloric gland cells of the 

 pig and man stained intensely in dahlia^ a property which is 

 not shared by the chief cells of the fundus glands, or by the 

 glands of the oesophagus and mouth. He found, moreover, 

 that the pyloric glands of the cat and dog did not stain in 

 dahlia, a fact which is of importance as indicating a difference 

 between the pyloric glands of different mammals, and further, 

 that these glands differed anatomically from those of the pig 

 and man. 



Bonnet" also has studied, by means of aniline dyes, the 

 staining reactions of the various cells of the stomach. He 

 finds that the pyloric gland cells stain differently from the 

 surface epithelium and from the chief cells in methyl violet, 

 Congo red, and acid fuchsin. 



R. Krause ^ has observed that the cells of the pyloric glands, 

 in common with many mucous cells, stain metachromatically 

 in thionin. 



On the other hand, the results of research by purely physio- 

 logical methods seem to point to a functional relationship 

 between the pyloric gland cells and the chief cells. Of the 

 host of observers who have examined the pyloric mucous mem- 

 brane of the dog for pepsin, few have failed to find it, and its 

 presence in the secretion of the pylorus has been shown by 

 Klemensiewicz* and Heidenhain,^ who established pyloric 

 fistulse, and found abundant evidence of the presence of a 



* ' Nacbrichteu d. Gottingen Gesellscli.,' 18S4, p. 303. 

 ■ 'Bericlite d. Oberhessisch. Gesellscb.,' xxix, 1893. 



3 R. Krause, "Zur Histologic der Speicheldrusen," ' Arcb. f. mik. Auat.,' 

 Bd. xlv. 



* ' Sitzungsber. d. k. Akad. d. Wissensch.,' Bd. Ixxi. 

 « ' Pfluger's Arcbiv/ Bd. xviii. 



