366 R. R. BENSLEY. 



My methods are briefly as follows : — Small pieces of the 

 gastric mucosa are snipped off with scissors, and dropped 

 into the sublimate bichromate mixture, where they remain 

 from one half to two hours, according to their thickness. 

 They are then transferred to 70 per cent, alcohol, in which 

 they remain twenty-four hours, or until all the free bichromate 

 is extracted, then to 95 per cent, alcohol. Sections of 3 — 5 

 micra are cut after embedding in paraffin by the oil of ber- 

 gamot method, fastened to the slide, and stained. The results 

 obtained by this method of fixation were controlled by tlie 

 study of pieces fixed in alcohol, in aqueous bichloride solutions, 

 and in the osmic acid fixing fluids of Hermann and vom Rath. 

 The staining methods employed will be indicated in connec- 

 tion with the special descriptions. 



I have chosen for special description in the present memoir 

 the gastric glands of the cat and dog, because these present 

 the most highly differentiated form of the gastric gland, and 

 because the relationship obtaining between the pyloric and 

 fundus glands corresponds so closely to that found in the 

 highly specialised Anura. 



A. The Gastric Glands of the Cat. 



The fundus glands are elongated tubular structures, opening 

 into shallow depressions of the surface lined by mucus-secreting 

 cylindrical cells, and called the stomach pits or gland ducts. 

 The glands consist of two kinds of epithelial cells, the central 

 or chief cells and the parietal or border cells, and are divisible 

 into two portions, a narrower superficial part called the gland 

 neck, in which the border cells are in excess, and a deeper, 

 wider portion called the body of the gland, in which the chief 

 cells predominate. 



That the diff'erence between the body and neck of the gland 

 is of a more profound nature than a mere difli'erence in relative 

 size, or in the relative numbers of the constituent cells, may 

 be readily determined by the study of the fresh mucous 

 membrane in an indifferent fluid. If, in a freshly killed cat, 



