mie STORY OF THE ELEPHANTS 267 
are reduced in number. The canines and the first premolars are 
lost. The lower jaw is considerably elongated. We begin to see 
signs of a trunk. Now, this creature probably looked like a rather 
long-necked elephant (see Plate XLV.), but its trunk was not 
flexible, being supported by the long lower jaw, for which it partly 
formed a covering. Probably it could reach the ground with its 
lower incisors, and the end of the snout may have been prehensile. 
In size it was about as big as a half-grown Indian Elephant. 
Now, in the next stage, represented by Tetrabelodon augustidens 
‘i \ I] 
( 
\ 
5a —_ AN 
Sif 
Vp 
] F 5 
yy 
Fie. 103.—Skull and lower jaw of Hlephas (Stegodon) ganesa, from Lower 
Pliocene of Sivalik Hills, N. India. 
(see Fig. 102), we have something much more like an Elephant. 
To begin with, it is bigger. Then see how much more elongated 
is the lower jaw. The upper incisors have greatly increased in 
size; only two molars are left in each jaw. The opening for the 
nose is further back. Plate XLVI. is a restoration. In size this 
creature also resembled the Elephant, being about as big as a 
moderate-sized elephant of the present day. In the later Miocene 
period this long lower jaw got shortened, and so an approach was 
made to the modern type. Fig. 103 shows us the last stage in 
this strange history, when the lower jaw rather suddenly contracted 
