24 PROTOZOA—RHIZOPODA CLASS I 
Ttheophax, Mont. (Haplostiche, Reuss), (Fig. 14). Test free, rod-shaped or 
slightly bent; septa simple (Zheophaxr) or labyrinthic (Haplostiche) ; pseudo- 
podial aperture at extremity. Carboniferous to Recent. 
Lituola, Lam. (Haplophragmium, Reuss), (Fig. 17). Test free, crosier-shaped 

Fic. 14. Fic. 15. 
Sa BE Haplostiche Placopsilina 
A, Saccamminu Carteri, horrida,Schwa- rostrata, Quenst. : 
Brady. Carboniferous Lime- ger. Upper sp. Upper Jur- Trochammina  pro- Lituola (Haplo- 
stone; Elfhills, Northum- Jurassic (Im- assic (Impressa fews, Karrer. Vienna  phragmium) irregu- 
berland. 1/;. B, Fractured  pressa clay); clay); Reichen- sandstone (Senonian); Jare, Roemer. Sea- 
test, filled with interior Gruibingen, bach, Wiirttem- MHiitteldorf, near phiten- Planer; 
calcite. 10/; (after Brady). Wiirttemberg. berg. Vienna. Krondorf, Bohemia. - 
or spirally wound. General aperture simple or sieve-like ; septa simple (Haplo- 
phragmium) or labyrinthic (Lituola). Carboniferous to Recent; particularly 
abundant in Jurassic and Cretaceous. 
Family 3. Orbitolinidae. Zittel. 
Test silicious, imperforate, bowl-shaped, and composed of concentric rings which 
are partitioned off into numerous chambers. 
a dD 
Orbitolina, Lam. (Fig 18). ‘Test  silicious, with 
agglutinated sandy particles; bowl-shaped to depressed 
conical ; upper side convex, lower side slightly hollow. 
Periphery smooth, or with concentric bands, imperforate. 
Test composed of multilocular rings, the chambers 
communicating with one another on all sides by means 
ee of pores. The peripheral portion of each chamber is 
Oriering conean, 14". divided up into smaller compartments by two secondary 
Cenomanian ; Urschelau, 
Bavarian Alps. @, Inferior’ septa disposed at right angles to each other. Very 
surface ; b, Superior surface ; s 5 Oo 2 a 
c, Transverse section (en- abundant in the Lower (0. lenticularis, Lam.) and Upper 
larged). 3 
cat Cretaceous (0. concava, Lam.) 

Sub-order C. PORCELLANEA. Schwager. 
Test calcareous, porcellaneous, imperforate. 
Under starved conditions (e.g. in brackish water) the test may assume a 
chitinous or arenaceous character, or may become encrusted with a thin, homo- 
geneous, silicious envelope. The majority of recent forms inhabit shallow water ; 
only a few occur at abyssmal depths. 
