40 PROTOZOA—RHIZOPODA CLASS I 
rocks of Cabriéres in Languedoc, are more or less rich in Radiolarian remains 
belonging exclusively to the Spumellaria (Fig. 46, A, B). 
From the Devonian jasper of Siberia, the silicious schists of Hesse and 
Nassau, and the manganiferous quartzite of Elbingerode in the Harz, and 
other places, Riist has described forty-six Spumellarian species and seventeen 
Nasselarian (Cyrtoidea), The sub-Carboniferous quartzites, phyllites, adinole, 
and jaspers from the Harz (Culm formation), Ural district, and Sicily have 
yielded 155 species, of which thirty-six belong to the Nasselaria. In general 
the Palaeozoic Radiolarians are remarkable for their relatively large size and 
excellent preservation. 
The Triassic appears to be destitute of Radiolarians except in the Alps, 
where they are abundant in the hornstone and silicious limestone of the 
Buchenstein beds of Hungary, and occur less frequently in the Reifling lime- 
stones, in the Wengen beds of Storzic in Krain, in the marls of St. Cassian, 
and in the silicious lime- 
stone of the Réthelstein, 
near Aussee, etc. They 
are usually associated 
here with the remains of 
-sponges and Foramini- 
fera. In the silicified 
coprolites of the Lias, 
found at Ilsede, Han- 
over, Radiolarians are 
Tertiary Nasselarians from Barbados : A; Anthovyrtis mespilus, Ehrbg. B, very common ; they are 
Lyetnoainim, Lncerna, Ehrbg. 0 Dichoniira, Mowanters, Bhros. P; somewhat less frequent 
in the limestones of the 
Lower Lias on the Schafberg in Upper Austria. Certain hornstone beds of 
Middle Jurassic age, found at Piszke, Hungary, the Upper Jurassic pudding- 
stones of Cittiglio, near Laveno on Lago Maggiore, and numerous Tithonian 
jaspers, as well as the Alpine Aptychus beds, are charged with Radiolarians ; 
here the Nasselaria are nearly as plentiful as the Spumellaria. The Lower 
Cretaceous (Neocomian) of Gardenazza has yielded but few forms ; but, on the 
other hand, coprolites from the Gault, found near Zilli in Saxony, and Lower 
Cretaceous clay marls in Manitoba, Canada, as well as the Upper Cretaceous 
marls of Haldem in Westphalia, and Vordorf in Braunschweig, contain 
excellently preserved skeletons in greater or lesser abundance. Even the 
flinty concretions of the Upper Chalk sometimes contain them, although in a 
poor state of preservation. Certain Eocene hornstones in Italy, according to 
Pantanelli, are filled with Radiolarian remains, while in the Flysch they are 
also very profuse in some localities, although usually poorly preserved. 
By far the most noted occurrence of fossil Radiolarians is in the chalky 
“ Barbados earth,” of Miocene age, in which Foraminifera are also very con- 
spicuous ; while the ‘“tripoli” of Grotte, Caltanisetta, and Girgenti in Sicily, 
of Oran, Aegina, Zante, the Nikobar Islands, and other localities (Miocene and 
Pliocene), is scarcely less noteworthy. Ehrenberg has described 278 species 
from Barbados alone, and from Sicily Stéhr has described 118 species, most of 
which belong to still extant Spumellarian, Nasselarian, and Phaeodarian genera, 
A B C D E 



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