SUB-CLASS IT ANTHOZOA—HEXACORALLA 83 
Family 1. Turbinolidae. Milne-Edwards and Haime. 
Corallum simple, very seldom composite ; septa numerous, long, and with entire 
margins.  Interseptal loculi empty throughout. Columella usually, pali often present. 
Theca complete. 
The Z'urbinolidae begin in the Jurassic, and are especially abundant in the 
Tertiary and at the present day. Sexual reproduction prevails, 
although a few forms multiply by gemmation ; the buds, how- 
ever, become separated from the parent animal at an early 
period. 
Turbinolia, Lam. (Fig. 131). Corallum free, conical, with 
circular calice. Septa produced outside the theca. Styliform 

Fic. 131. 

val . - ny 29 
Turbinolia Bower- Fic. 132. Fic. 133. 
banki, E. and H. ; : Flabellum Roissyanum, E. 
Eocene ; Highgate, Ceratotrochus dwodecimocostatus, Goldf. sp. Mio- and H. Miocene: Baden 
England. 6/}. cene; Baden, near Vienna. Natural size. near Vienna. Natural size.’ 
columella present. Tertiary and Recent; common in Caleaire Grossier of the 
Paris Basin, and Eocene of England. 
Sphenotrochus, E. and H. Free, cuneiform, with elon- 
gated calice; columella foliaceous. Cretaceous to Recent. 
S. crispus, Lam. Common in Calcaire Grossier of the 
Paris Basin. 
Smilotrochus, K. and H.; Stylotrochus, From. ; Onchotrochus, 
Duncan. Cretaceous ; Discotrochus, E. and H. Tertiary, ete. 
Ceratotrochus, EK. and H. (Fig. 132). Horn-shaped ; 

: ae: Fic. 136. 
; Fic, 135. Caryophyllia cyathus, 
Trochocyathus conulus, From. Aptian ; Deltocyathus Italicus, E. and H. Mio- Sol. Recent. Longitudi- 
Haute Marne. «a, Profile, natural size; cene; Porzteich, Moravia. «, Profile, nal section, natural size 
b, Calice enlarged. natural size ; b, Calice enlarged. (after Milne-Edwards). 
young forms attached at the apex. Septa very numerous, produced above the 
theca ; columella fasciculate. Cretaceous to Recent. 
