92 COELENTERATA—ANTHOZOA SUB-BRANCH IT 
Sub-Order B. PERFORATA. Milne-Edwards and Haime. 
Skeleton built up of small calcareous bodies (sclerites), between which are empty 
interstices of greater or lesser size. Theca formed by fusion of outer septal edges or 
absent. Interseptal loculi empty throughout or traversed by synapticula or dissepiments. 
{ Family 1. Archaeocyathidae.! Walcott. 
Simple, turbinate, or sub-cylindrical coralla, Septa and theca porous ; inner 
septal edges united by perforated interior wall, which encloses a hollow central space. 
Synapticula present in interseptal locull. 
All the genera described up to the present time (4rchaeocyathus, Bill. ; 
Ethmophyllum, Meek; Spirocyathus, Hinde; Protopharetra, Bornem., etc.) are 
restricted to the Cambrian rocks of Canada, North America, Spain, and 
Sardinia. They represent possibly a distinct order of the Madreporaria. 
Family 2. EHupsammidae. Milne-Edwards and Haime. 
Corallum simple or becoming composite by lateral gemmation.  Septa very 
numerous, sometimes united by synapticula, and frequently with their imner edges 
Fused together. Theca naked or covered with epitheca, and formed by thickening of the 
septal edges. Silurian to Recent. 
Calostylis, Linds. Corallum simple, sub-cylindrical, or composite and 
multiplying by lateral gemmation. Septa very numerous, of spongy con- 

Fic. 162. 

Eupsammia P p f 
or Cal Fic. 163. Fic. 164. 
caire Grossier ; Balanophyllia sinuata, Reuss. Stephanophyllia elegans, Broun sp. Pliocene ; 
Chaussy, near Oligocene ; Waldbockelheim, Stazzano, near Modena, Italy. « and b, Upper 
Paris. Natural Prussia. “a, Natural size; and lower surfaces, enlarged; c, Profile, natural 
size. b, Number of septa enlarged. size. 
sistency, and either fused together or united by synapticula. Columella thick, 
spongy ; wall covered with epitheca. Silurian ; Gottland. 
Haplaraea, Milasch. Simple, cylindrical coralla, with broad encrusting base. 
Septa numerous, extending to the centre, perforated by large apertures, and 
sometimes fused together or united by synapticula. Traversa also present, but 
no columella. Jurassic and Cretaceous. 

1 Billings, E., Palaeozoic Fossils of Canada, I., 1861-65.— Walcott, C. D., Bull. U. S. Geol. 
Survey, No. 30, 1886.—Bornemann, J. G., Versteinerungen des Cambrischen Systems von Sardinien, 
1886.—Hinde, G. J., Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. XLY., 1889, p. 125. 
