232 ECHINODERMATA—ECHINOIDEA SUB-BRANCH III 
ambitus, sometimes disappearing toward the apical system. Tertiary and 
Recent. 
Podocidaris, A. Ag. Recent ; Caribbean Sea and Philippines. 
Family 6.. Temnopleuridae. 
Test highly ornamented, tumid, or spheroidal. Ambulacra with triple compound 
plates, united with the interambulacral plates by grooved and sometimes pitted sutures. 
All plates of the test, except the component ambulacral plates, united by a dowelling of 
knobs and sockets. Cretaceous to Recent. 
Glyphocyphus, Haime. Test small, depressed spheroidal. Amb narrow, 
straight, with two vertical rows of small, perforate, crenulate, primary 
tubercles, and numerous miliaries. L4mb broad, with two rows of primaries 
somewhat larger than those of the dmb. Transverse and median sutures 
grooved. Cretaceous and Eocene. 
Dictyopleurus, Duncan and Sladen. Eocene; Asia and Europe. Egypt. 
Paradoxechinus, Laube. Miocene; Australia. Hchinocyphus, Cott., and Zeuglo- 
pleurus, Gregory. Cretaceous ; Europe. 
Temnopleurus, Ag. Transverse sutures of all plates grooved and pitted. 
Apical system small, compact, slightly projecting. Tertiary and Recent. 
Temnechinus, Forbes. Test small, subglobose, depressed abactinally. Both 
areas with two vertical rows of plain primaries. Apical system prominent, 
compact, the sutures between the plates more or less grooved. Late Tertiary 
and Recent. 
Salmacis, Ag. Eocene, Pliocene, and Recent. Microcyphus, Amblypneustes, 
and Holopneustes, Ag. Recent. 
Family 7. Echinometridae. Gray (emend. A. Agassiz). 
Test large, either symmetrical and polyporous, or with the long axis not coinciding 
with the antero-posterior axis, and the compound ambulacral plates with three or more 
pairs of pores. Teeth keeled. ‘Tertiary and Recent. 
Heterocentrotus, Colobocentrotus, Brandt ; and Echinometra, Rondelet. Recent. 
Stomopneustes, Ag. (Heliocidaris, Desm.), (Fig. 373). Antero-posterior axis 
forming an angle with 
the major diameter. Amb 
straight, with pores in 
ares of three pairs dor- 
sally, crowded and _tri- 
serial below the ambitus. 
Both areas with two 
vertical rows of plain 
; pe _ Strongylocentrotus —Droebach- tubercles, diminishing 
Stomopneustes variolaris, Ag. Com- iensis, Mill. sp. Compound : 
pound Amb plate. Amb plate. actinally and dorsally. 
Tertiary and Recent. 
Strongylocentrotus, Brandt (Fig. 374). Test symmetrical and polyporous. 
Amb straight, broad at the ambitus and peristome, and with broad poriferous 
zones. Pairs of pores in oblique ares, or almost transverse series of from four 
to ten pairs, and crowded actinally. Interporiferous areas with two vertical 
rows of plain, imperforate primary tubercles ; secondaries and miliaries also 

Fia, 373. 
= 
