ORDER V EUECHINOIDEA—SPATANGOIDA 239 
Sub-Family A. Ecurnoconinag. Duncan. 
Tall, conical, or sub-hemispherical tests, rather flat actinally. Ambulacra with 
pairs of pores in oblique triplets actinally. 
Echinoconus, Breyn. (Galerites, Lam.) Amb flush or slightly raised, apetal- 
ous, straight; some of the plates compound.  Peristome sunken, slightly 
decagonal, symmetrical. Perignathic girdle indicated by a thickening of the 
IAmb as a low false ridge. Abundant in the Lower and Middle Cretaceous. 
Lanieria, Duncan. Cretaceous or Eocene ; Cuba. 
Sub-Family B. EcuHrNvoneiInag.  Desor. 
Test low, tuinid, and more or less pulvinate actinally , peristome central or sub- 
central and oblique. 
Echinoneus, van Phels. Amb narrow, actinally unequally broad, owing to 
obliquity of the large, triangular peristome. Miocene to Recent. 
Caratomus, Ag. Cretaceous. Amblypygus, Ag. Tertiary. 
Pygaulus, Ag. (Fig. 384). Test small, thick; apical system slightly 

Fic. 384. Fie 385. 
_ Pygaulus Desmoulinsi, Ag. Urgonian Pyrina incisa, Ag. sp. Neocomian (Hils); Berklingen, 
(Schrattenkalk); Santis, Switzerland. 1/;. Brunswick. 1/}. 
eccentric in front. dmb narrow, widest at the ambitus ; pairs of pores in simple 
series, conjugated ; the pores of a pair sometimes differently shaped. Cre- 
taceous. 
Pyrina, Desm. (Fig. 385). Like the preceding, but pores non-conjugated, 
and the pairs separated by costae. Cretaceous and Eocene. 
Anorthopygus, Cotteau. Cretaceous (Cenomanian) ; Europe. 
Sub-Family C. Ecsinoprisstnaz. Duncan. 
Test depressed, elongate, tumid. Ambulacra sub-petaloid. Apical system and 
peristome eccentric ; floscelle absent or rudimentary. Interambulacra entering the 
peristomial margin with a single plate. Periproct supra-marginal. 
Echinobrissus, Breyn. (Nucleolites, Lam.), (Fig. 386). Test ovate, rounded in 
front, broadest and more or less truncated behind; or rectangular, with the 
angles rounded ; or sub-circular ; concave actinally. dmb unequal, open at the 
end of the sub-petaloid parts; pairs of pores in simple series, more or less 
unequal in shape and size, the outer ones elongate ; below the sub-petaloid 
parts the pores are in small oblique pairs, conjugate or not. Periproct at 
