252 VERMES SUB-KINGDOM IV 
sub-classes are distinguished, Chaetopoda and Hirudinea. A further difference 
is to be noticed in the locomotive organs, the Chaetopoda having bristle-bearing, 
unjointed appendages (parapodia) on each ring of the body ; and the Hirudinea 
having a terminal sucker. The latter group includes only the Leeches, which 
are not known with certainty in the fossil state. — 
It is only the one order of marine Worms (Polychaeta) belonging to the 
sub-class Chaetopoda with which the palaeontologist is practically concerned ; 
as the Earthworms and their allies (Oligochacta) are wholly unknown as fossils. 
The marine Chaetopoda are divisible into two principal sections, known as the 
Sedentary or Tubicolous Worms, and the Nereid or Errant Annelides. 
Sub-Order A. TUBICOLA. (Sedentaria.) 
Polychaetous Annelides with indistinctly separated head, and short, usually 
non - protrusible proboscis, without jaws. Parapodia short, and never used for 
































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Fic. 403. 
A, Serpula limax, Goldf. Middle Jura; Franconia. JB, C, S. gordialis, Schloth. Upper Cretaceous: Banne- 
witz, near Dresden. D, S. convoluta, Goldf. Middle Jura; Stuifen, Wurtemberg. J, S. socialis, Goldf. Middle 
Jura; Lahr, Baden. F, Same, enlarged. G, S. septemsulcata, Reich. Upper Cretaceous; Bannewitz. H, S. 
(Rotularia, Detr.) spirulaea, Lam. Eocene; Monte Berici, near Vicenza. J, Verebella lapilloides, Miinst. Upper 
Jura; Streitberg, Franconia. 
swimming.  Inhabiting more or less firm tubes, which they construct for themselves, 
and subsisting wpon vegetable matter. 
The Tubicolous Annelides invest themselves with a protective tube of 
usually irregular form, to which they are not organically connected, and in 
