Soe ref MALACOSTRACA | 659 
eight pairs of thoracic feet, which are similarly formed, provided with an exopodite, and 
in one family (Mysidae) bear freely projecting gills. 
The Schizopods bear a superficial resemblance to the macrurous Decapoda, and 
were formerly united with that order. Two principal 
groups are distinguished, the Mysid and Euphausid, 
which by some authors are elevated into independent 
orders. A few fossil remains have been, with some 
colour of probability, assigned to the Schizopods, such 
as Pygocephalus, Huxley, from the English Coal 
Measures, and Crangopsis, Salter (Palaeocrangon, Salter 
non Schauroth; Archaeocaris, Meek), from the Lower 
Carboniferous of Scotland and base of the Waverly in 
Kentucky. Pygocephalus also exhibits many Stomatopod 
features. 
Anthrapalaemon, Salter (Fig. 1381), from the Coal 
Measures of Scotland and Illinois, and Palaeopalaemon, 
Whitfield, from the Devonian of Ohio, are of doubtful 
position, but more properly classed with the Schizopods 
than Decapods. The former genus has a curiously sub- vt 
divided telson, a toothed anterior margin of the carapace, Fic. 1381. 
and biramous antennae. Palaeopemphiz, Paraprosopon, _Anthrapalaemon gracilis, M. and W. 
and Oonocarcinus, Gemmellaro, from the Permo-Carbon- ae in Glee Hib ane WORLD 
iferous of Sicily, are for the most part fragmentary 
remains, but without any decided Decapod features. The same is true of Pseudo- 
galathea, Peach, from the Lower Carboniferous of Scotland. 

The family Nectotelsonidae of Brocchi comprises a few Carboniferous and Permian genera 
whose relations to the recent Anaspides have been suggested by Calman. These are: Palaeo- 
caris, Meek and Worthen; Uronectes, Bronn (Gampsonyx, Jordan), (Fig. 1382); and 
Nectotelson, Brocchi (but not Acanthotelson, M. and W.). They show a number of characters 
common to all Malacostraca, but no typical characters of any one 
order. Anaspides, Thomson, living in the mountains of Tasmania, 
agrees with the extinct genera in the combination of Podophthalmate 
characters with a completely segmented body and the lack of a 
carapace ; and while having its nearest affinities with the Schizopods, 
is also closely related to the Amphipods. 
The proposal to erect a separate order (Syncarida, Packard) for 
this family, including Anaspides, seems hardly advisable, although it 
is plain that many collective characters are here displayed. These 
peculiar fossil forms indicate that a differentiation of Thoracostracu and 
Arthrostraca took place as far back as the Upper Devonian, but dis- 
tinctive ordinal features are not manifested until much later. [The 
term Thoracostraca (= Podophthalma) is used throughout this section 
to connote the Schizopods, Stomatopods, and Decapods under one 
head, as distinguished from the sessile-eyed Amphipods and Isopods. ] 

Fia. 1382. 
sae 
rs, aera Order 3. STOMATOPODA. Latreille. 
Jordan. Rothliegendes ; A E 
Le teeh; oe Saar- Elongated Malacostraca, in which the compound stalked eyes and 
bTuckKen. S . . - : 
. first pair of antennae are borne wpon distinct movable segments. 
Carapace small, leaving the last four thoracic segments uncovered. There are five pairs 
Synearida, Gampsonychidae, and Anthracaridae (Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci, III.), 1885. Also in Proc. 
Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., XXIV., 1889.—Calman, W. T., On the Genus Anaspides, ete. (Trans. Roy. 
Soc., Edinburgh, XXXVIII.), 1896.—Ortmann, A. H., The Systematic Position of Crangopsis, etc. 
(Amer. Journ. Sci. [4], IV.), 1897. 
1 Literature : 
Minster, G. Graf zu, Beitvige zur Petrefaktenkunde (Heft. III. p. 19; V. p. 76), 1840-42.— 
von der Mark, W., and Schliiter, C., Neue Fische und Krebse aus der Kreide von Westphalen 

