680 ARTHROPODA SUB-KINGDOM VII 
The order Opiliones is distinguished from true spiders by having the cephalo- 
thorax and abdomen fused. A number of species occur in amber, and according to 
Haase, most of the Anthracomarti should 
be placed here. The Araneae (Spiders) 
have numerous fossil representatives, at 
least one genus, Protolycosa (Fig. 1434), 
occurring as early as the Carboniferous. 
The majority, however, are found in 

Fic. 1432. Fic. 1433. 
Palaeophonus nuncius, Thorell and Lindstrém. Eoscorpius carbonarius, Meek and W. Coal Measures ; 
Silurian; Wisby, Gottland. 1/, (after Thorell). Mazon Creek, Illinois. A,1/;. B, Pecten, enlarged. 
Oligocene amber (Fig. 1435); the lignites of Rott; fresh-water marls of Aix in 

Fia, 1434, 
Protolycosa anthra- 

Fic. 1487. 
cophila, Roemer. Fig. 1435. Fig. 1436. Thomisus Oeningensis, 
Coal Measures; Mizalia rostrata, Koch and Attoideseresiformis, Brongt. Heer. Miocene; Oen- 
Myslowitz, Silesia Berendt. Oligocene; Baltic Oligocene; Aix, Provence. ingen, Baden. 2/; (after 
(after F. Roemer). amber. Copy, 3/}. 10/, (after Brongniart). Heer). 
Provence (Fig. 1436); Oligocene fresh-water strata of Florissant, Colorado; and the 
Miocene of Oeningen, Baden (Fig. 1437). 
