686 ARTHROPODA SUB-KINGDOM VII 
Fossil remains of Stalidae, Hemerobidae (Lace-winged Flies), Panorpidae, and 
Phryganidae (Caddis Flies) are first met with in the Trias and Jura, and increase 
considerably in numbers during the Tertiary. Ootheca of gigantic Sialidae 
(Corydalites) are known from the Laramie Beds of Colorado, 
and from the Garumnien (Uppermost Cretaceous) of Provence, 
The tubular larval cases of Phryganidae from the Tertiary 
are sometimes 2-3 m. thick (Indusienkalk, calcaire 
a induses, of Auvergne). 







Order 4. HEMIPTHERA. (Rhynchota.) 
Fore wings coriaceous or membranous, larger 
and more coarsely veined than the hind wings, which 
are never folded. Mouth with jointed, beak-like, 
suctorial rostrum. Metamor- 
avira 1,  phosis incomplete. 
iM Le a The oldest known fossil 
Rei, Wing, plainly Hemipterous 
85% (Protocimex silurica, Moberg), 
from the Graptolite Slates of 
the Swedish Upper Ordo- 
vician. Carboniferous genera 
are Fulgorind, Dictyocicada, 
Mecynostoma, and Phthano- 
coris. The first-named is also 
found in the Permian, together 
Fic. 1453. with the remarkable genus 
Eugereon Boeckingi, Dohrn. Permian; Birkenfeld, Oldenburg. e Fic. 14 which 
3/4 (after Dohrn). ; Euger on ( S 53), hic 
wn | ; ‘ 
SRP - insect is a somewhat obscure 
: Bills RE 
es 
ee 

has large, membranous, 
reticulated fore and hind wings, prolonged lancet-like mouth parts, and filiform 
antennae. 
The oldest remains of Aphidae (Plant-lice) are found in the Wealden, and 
numerous species occur in the Tertiary. Coccidae 
(Scale Insects), Fulgoridae, Membracidae, Cicadellidae, 
and Cicadidae (Harvest Flies) are tolerably abundant in 
the Tertiary, especially in amber. Most of the families 

Fic. 1456. 
Fig. 1454. Fic. 1455. Harpactor maculipes, 
Scarabaeides deperditus, Germar. Naucoris dilatatus, Heer. Heer. Miocene; Oenin- 
Lithographic Slates; lHichstadt, Miocene ; Oeningen, Baden. gen, Baden. 1/, (after 
Bavaria. 2/3. 1/; (after Heer). Heer). 
are represented as early as the Lias, or even by scanty remains in the Trias (Cercopyllis, 
from Colorado). Cercopidiwm occurs in the Lias of Dobbertin. Hocicada and Prolystra 
in the Lithographic Slates of Bavaria. 
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