688 ARTHROPODA SUB-KINGDOM VII 
lignites of Rott, Sieblos, Westerwald, Kutschlin in Bohemia, the fresh-water marls of 
Oeningen, Baden (Fig. 1464), and certain localities in Croatia, Italy, Utah, and 
A B C D E 

(Fic. 1464. 
Beetles from the Miocene fresh-water marls of Oeningen, Baden. A, Lytta Aesculapii, Heer. 1/5. B, Clerus 
Adonis, Heer. 1/;. ©, Same restored. D, Hister marmoratus, Heer. 2/;. E, Nitidula maculigera, Heer. 2/;. 
Wyoming. Of the rhynchophorous families alone about 350 Tertiary species have 
been described, most of which are excellently preserved. Perhaps the most curious 
form is Triaena, a parasitic Stylopid from amber. 
Order 6. DIPTHRA. Flies. 
Fore wings membranous, narrow, veined. Hind wings reduced to clubbed filaments 
(halteres). Mouth parts adapted for piercing and sucking. Metamorphosis complete. 
Fossil flies are first encountered in the Lias (Macropeza), but most of the Jurassic 
forms are too poorly preserved for accurate identification. Musca, Chedlosia, and 
Empidia are known from the Litho- 
graphic Slates; Corethriwm, Cecido- 
mium, and Rhyphus from the English 
Purbeck. 
The Tertiary, especially Oligocene 
and Miocene, yields large numbers of 
flies, Tipulidae (Crane Flies) and 
Bibionidae being the most abundant. 
Other families represented are: 
Syrphidae, Muscidae, Oecstridae (Bot 
Flies), <Agromyzidae, Platypezxidae, 

Fic. 1465. 
Psilites bella, Heer. 
Miocene ; Radoboj, Croatia. 
1/, (after Heer). 

Pia, 1466. Fic. 1467. 
Empis Melia, Heyden. Palembolus florigerus, Fic. 1468 
Miocene ; Root, near Bonn, Scudder. Oligocene ; Floris- . a ’ : 
Germany. 2/; (after sant, Colorado. 2/; (after Chironomus Meyeri, Heer. Miocene; Oeningen, 
Heyden). Scudder). Baden. 6/; (after Heer). 
Psilidae (Fig. 1465), Empidae (Fig. 1466), Bombylidae, Nemestrinidae (Fig. 1467), 
Asilidae (Robber Flies), Stratiomyidae, Chironomidae (Fig. 1468), Culicidae (Gnats) 
Mycetophilidae (Fig. 1476), Cecidomyidae, ete. 
