48 PALEONTOLOGY 



foreign sources of fossil insects have been the lithographic 

 slates of Solenhofen, and the tertiary deposits of Aix in Pro- 

 vence, and OEningen, near Constance, on the Ehine. Remains 

 of species of Tinea and Sphinx are said to have been found in 

 the lower Jura, and of a diurnal Lepidopteran in the Molasse. 

 Numerous examples of insects in true amber have been ob- 

 tained, and much more abundantly in " gum animi," a more 

 modern fossil resin. These are all unknown to entomologists, 

 and are probably extinct, since no department of recent na- 

 tural history has been so closely worked, although the fossil 

 insects have been comparatively neglected. It has been sug- 

 gested by Mr. Westwood that the lias insects have a sub- 

 alpine character, and may have been brought down by torrents 

 from some higher region. But no attempt has been made to 

 show whether these or any other group of fossil insects most 

 nearly resemble those of any particular zoological province of 

 the present day. 



Much has been said of the " indusial limestone " of Au- 

 vergne, supposed to be built up of the fossilized cases of caddis- 

 worms (Phrygancidce) ; but Mr. Waterhouse, the only entomo- 

 logist who has visited the country and examined the formation, 

 entertains doubts of the correctness of this interpretation. 



Of the Myriapoda, 17 fossil species have been found, com- 

 mencing in the oolitic system. And of the Araclmida, 131 

 species are catalogued ; the earliest and most interesting of 

 these is the fossil scorpion (Cydopthalmus senior) of the 

 Bohemian coal measures (figured in Bucklands Bridgewater 

 Treatise). Fossil spiders are found in the Solenhofen slates 

 and in the tertiary marls of Aix. 



PhovdsCE III.— MOLLUSC A. 



Remains of the Tcsiacca, or shell-bearing molluscous ani- 

 mals, arc the mosi common of all fossils, and afford the most 



