350 PALAEONTOLOGY 



Proboscidians or Pachyderms, that one should compare the 

 femur of the Macrothere : it is not so long or so slender 

 relatively as in the sloths. The tibia is much shorter than the 

 femur, and in the expansion of its proximal end and its rela- 

 tive length to the femur it resembles that of the Megatheroids 

 more than that in the Pangolin or Orycterope ; it was not 

 anchylosed to the tibia as in the Armadillos, Glyptodons, and 

 Megatherium, but remained a distinct bone, as in the Mylodon 

 and sloths. 



Genus Pliopithecus, Gerv. — In the same miocene deposits 

 of the south of Prance as those which contained the Macro- 

 therium, fossil remains of two kinds of Quadrumana, resembling 

 a small and large species of Hylobatcs, have been discovered. 

 The smaller of these extinct apes, called Pliopiiliccus antiquus 

 by Gervais, is based upon the lower jaw and dentition. The 

 teeth occupy an extent of 1^ inch ; the two incisors are 

 narrower, the canine less, and the last molar is larger than in 

 the siamang {H. syndactyla). As in this species the first 

 premolar is uni-cuspid, and the hind talon of the second is 

 more produced than in the chimpanzee and gorilla, and to the 

 degree in which the fore-and-aft diameter of the tooth exceeds 

 the transverse one, it departs farther from the human type ; 

 in the degree of the development of the talon or third lobe of 

 the last lower molar, the Pliopfitliecus resembles the tailed 

 monkeys (Scmnojnthecus and Innus). 



Genus Dkyopithecus, Lart. — In the larger miocene ape 

 (Dryopithccus Fontani, Lart.) the canine is relatively larger 

 than in the Hylobates, and the incisors, to judge by their 

 alveoli, are relatively narrower than in the chimpanzee and 

 human subject. The first premolar has the outer cusp pointed, 

 and raised to double the height of that of the second premolar, 

 and its inner lobe is more rudiinental than in the chimpanzee,* 



* Compare Comptcs Rcndns dc l'Acad. dos Sciences, torn, xliii. (July 28, 

 1856, plate, fig. 7), with Trans. Zool. Soc, vol. iv., plate 32, fig. 3, p. 3. 



