3GG 



PALEONTOLOGY 



Genus Rhinoceros, L. — The rhinoceros, like the elephant, 

 was represented in pliocene and pleistocene times, in tempe- 

 rate and northern latitudes of Asia and Europe, by extinct 

 species. One (Rhinoceros leptorhiims) associated with the 

 Hip2)02)otamus major in fresh-water pliocene deposits ; another 

 (R. ticJwrrhinus) with the mammoth in pleistocene beds and 

 drift. The discovery of the carcase of the tichorrine rhino- 

 ceros in frozen soil, recorded by Pallas in his " Voyages dans 

 l'Asie Septentrionale,"* showed the same adaptation of this, at 

 present tropical, form of quadruped to a cold climate, by a 

 twofold covering of wool and hair, as was subsequently de- 

 j, monstrated to be the 



case with the mam- 

 moth. Both the 

 above-named fossil 

 rhinoceroses were 

 two-horned ; but 

 they were preceded, 

 in the pliocene and 

 miocene periods, by 

 species devoid of 

 horns, yet a rhino- 

 ceros in all other 

 essentials (A cero- 

 therium, Kaup). 



The modifica- 

 tions which the 

 upper molars of the 



Upper molar, Rhinoceros. Nat. size. rllillOCei'OS present 



as compared with those of its antetype, the Palseotherium, will 

 be readily understood by comparing fig. 99 with fig. 1_!2, and 

 are as follows : — The concavities (//) on the outer side of the 

 crown, in fig. 99, are almost levelled, and from one of them a 

 * 4tO, 1793, pp. 130-132. 



