CERVID.E 



375 



from the rein-deer in the absence of the brow-snag, has left its 

 remains in the pleistocene sands of Riege, near Pezenas, 

 France. It is the Cervus martialis of Gervais ; and seems to 

 have been an intermediate form between the rein-deer (Taran- 

 dus) and the elk (A Ices). There is no existing representative 

 of this interesting annectant form of deer. 



In formations of corresponding age in France, called " allu- 

 vions volcaniques" by Gervais,* fossil antlers of two other 

 extinct species of deer have been discovered, in which, as in 

 Alces, the brow-antler is absent, but in which the beam does 

 not expand into a palm. 



In North America remains of a large deer (Cervus ameri- 

 canus fossilis, Harlan), much resembling the Wapiti (Cervus 

 canadensis) have been found 

 in pleistocene deposits on 

 the banks of the Ohio. In 

 South America Dr. Lund 

 discovered fossil antlers of 

 two species in bone-caves in 

 Brazil : they were associated 

 with remains of an ante- 

 lope (Antilope maquinensis, 

 Lund) of which genus no 

 living representative is now 

 known in South America. 



Of deer with antlers of 

 the type of the existing red- 

 deer (C. elaphus), a species 

 is indicated in pleistocene 

 beds and bone caves which 



rivalled the MegacerOS i n Antler of Red-deer, from alluvium, Ireland. 



bulk (Strongyloceros spclceus) ; and with this are found, in 

 similar places of deposit, remains of a red-deer with antlers 



* Zoologie et PalSontologie Francaise, 4to, p. 82. 



Fig. 127. 



