EUROP/EO-ASIATIC MAMMALS 387 



the wolf, until hunted clown by man. It still survives in a 

 few of the great continental rivers. Of the little Lagoniys of 

 our ossiferous caves no living example remains in either 

 England or Europe. The species, indeed, may be extinct : 

 its ajenus is now limited to Central and Southern Asia. 



GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF PLEISTOCENE MAMMALS. 



A most interesting generalization has been educed from 

 the mass of facts relating to the fossil Mammals of the later 

 tertiaries — viz., the close correspondence between the fauna 

 of those and of the present periods in the Europreo-Asiatic 

 expanse of dry land. For here species continue to exist of 

 nearly all those genera which are represented by pliocene and 

 post-pliocene mammalian fossils of the same natural continent, 

 and of the immediately adjacent island of Great Britain. 



The bear has its haunts in both Europe and Asia ; the 

 beaver of the Ehone and Danube represents the great 

 Trogontherium ; the Lagomys and the tiger exist on both 

 sides of the Himalayan mountain chain ; the hyama ranges 

 through Spia and Hindostan ; the Bactrian camel typifies 

 the huge Mcrycothcrhim of the Siberian drift ; the elephant 

 and rhinoceros are still represented in Asia, though now con- 

 fined to the south of the Himalayas. The true macacques 

 are peculiar to Asia, and though most abundant in the 

 southern parts of the continent and the Indian Archi- 

 pelago, also exist in Japan ; a closely-allied sub-genus 

 (Innus) is naturalized on the rock of Gibraltar at the pre- 

 sent day. A fossil species of Macacus was associated with 

 the elephant and rhinoceros in England during the period of 

 the deposition of the newer pliocene fresh water beds. The 

 more extraordinary extinct forms of Mammalia, called Elas- 

 motlicrivm and Sivatherwm, have their nearest existing pachy- 

 dermal and ruminant analogues in the same continent to 



