258 Mr. J. Blackwall on the Structure, Functions, (Economy, 



fabricates a splierical cocoon of compact white silk measuring 

 yth of an inch in diameter ; it is encompassed by a narrow zone 

 of a sHghter texture, and usually comprises about 115 spherical 

 eggs of a pale yellow colour, not agglutinated together. This 

 cocoon, which is connected with the spinners of the female, and 

 is conveyed by her wherever she goes, has the appearance of 

 being embossed in consequence of its close application to the 

 eggs. On quitting it, the young mount upon the body of their 

 parent. Both sexes sometimes excavate elliptical cavities in the 

 ground, generally under stones, and remain concealed in them 

 during the winter months. 



In the summer of 1836 an adult female was captured, which 

 had a short but perfectly formed supernumerary tarsus connected 

 with the base of the tarsal joint of the right posterior leg on its 

 outer side. 



4. Lycosa andrenivora. 



Lycosa andrenivora, Walck. Hist. Nat. des Insect. Apt. t. i. p. 315 ; 

 Blackw. Linn. Trans, vol. xix. p. 118. 



This spider frequents commons and old pastures in various 

 parts of England and Wales. The palpal, or sexual, organs of the 

 male are fully developed in autumn. 



5. Lycosa rapax. 

 Lycosa rapax, Blackw. Linn. Trans, vol. xviii. p. 609. 



The customary haunts of this species are woods, pastures and 

 commons ; but I have occasionally found it on the summits of 

 Broad Crag, Helvellyn, Snowdon and Carnedd Llewelyn, the 

 highest mountains in England and AYales. It pairs in May, and 

 in June the female deposits sixty or seventy spherical eggs of a pale 

 yellow colour, not agglutinated together, in a globular cocoon of 

 pale yellomsh brown silk of a compact texture, measuring ^^ih.8 

 of an inch in diameter. The cocoon is connected with the spin- 

 ners by short lines of silk, and the young, when extricated from 

 it, attach themselves to the body of their parent. 



M. AYalckenaer considers Lycosa rapax to be merely a variety 

 of Lycosa vorax (Hist. Nat. des Insect. Apt. torn. iv. p. 392) ; 

 but, though nearly allied to that species, it differs from it in size, 

 structure and colour. 



6. Lycosa allodroma. 



Lycosa allodroma, Walck. Hist. Nat. des Insect. Apt. torn. i. p. 330 ; 

 Koch, Die Arachn. Band v. p. 106. tab. 172. fig. 410, 411 ; 

 Koch, Uebersicht des Arachn. Syst. erstes Heft, p. 22 ; Blackw. 

 Linn. Trans, vol. xix. p. 118. 



