70 GENUS ARTEMISIA. 



Southern Rocky Mountains at more than middle altitudes (chiefly in the Canadian 

 Zone) : Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, and Chihuahua. Type locality, in deep shady 

 woods of Pseudotsuga near the summits of the Pinos Altos Mountains, New Mexico. 

 Collections: Colorado, Rio La Plata, near Parrott City, September, 1875, Brandegee 

 (UC) ; Lake Creek, Sangre de Cristo Range, at 2,750 m. altitude, August, 1874, Brandegee 

 (UC) ; near Pagosa Peak, Baker 632 (Or, NY) ; San Juan Mountains, on both sides of 

 Wolf Creek Pass, Clements and Hall 11106 and 1111J^ (UC); Roubadeaux Pass, Rocky 

 Mountains, Kreuerfeldt in Gunnison's Expedition 37 (Or); White Mountains, New 

 Mexico, at 2,300 m. altitude, Wooton 3^7 (Gr, NY, UC) ; type collection, September 15, 

 1880, Greene (Gr, UC, the latter labeled October 14, 1880); Huachuca Mountains, Ari- 

 zona, Goodding 855 (NY) ; Mount Graham, southern Arizona, September, 1874, Rothrock 

 753 (Gr); Sierre Madre, Chihuahua, at 3,000 m. altitude, Pringle 2013 (UC, NY). 



RELATIONSHIPS. 



In gross aspect Artemisia franserioides is more like certain forms of A. vulgaris than 

 any other American species. It differs from all of these, however, in the bipinnately 

 divided foliage with obtuse lobes and in the remarkably secund inflorescence, this latter 

 a unique feature in this section of the genus. Its connection with vulgaris would 

 naturally be sought through one of the southern subspecies (it has been several times 

 mistaken for A. vulgaris discolor), but these all differ in having undergone a considerable 

 reduction in the number of disk-flowers, none having more than about 20 in a head, 

 while franserioides has 47 to 90 or more. Since its other characters are also at con- 

 siderable variance with all of the subspecies of the main branch of vulgaris, as diagramed 

 in figure 9, it is not desirable to invoke reversion to account for this large number. 

 It is more likely that franserioides is a descendant from a more primitive type than any of 

 the forms just mentioned. Perhaps this ancestor is not represented by existing species, 

 but it is interesting to note the similarity between franserioides and stelleriana, as has 

 been already mentioned under the latter species. These two are so closely similar in 

 technical characters and in the obtuse nature of the leaf-lobes that their derivation from 

 the same stock seems quite likely. A. stelleriana is native in eastern Siberia where other 

 similar species occur, such as turczaninoviana and rutaefolia. In any case, the parent 

 form of A . franserioides was undoubtedly an inhabitant of the far north, and franserioides 

 is therefore to be looked upon as a remnant stranded on the high mountains of the 

 southern United States and northern Mexico. 



This species is fairly constant in vegetative characters and in those of the involucre 

 and flowers, as is shown in table 5 (page 72). This is in agreement with most other 

 species of limited distribution and at the same time well separated phylogenetically. 



ECOLOGY AND USES. 



Artemisia franserioides is a rootstock-perennial, which forms clans in shady openings 

 in forest of aspen or Douglas spruce, where it is associated with Epilobium spicatum, 

 Berberis aquifolium, Thalictrum fendleri, Fragaria vesca, Geranium caespitosum, and 

 Artemisia dracunculus. The flowers bloom from August to late September. No uses 

 are known for this species. 



11. ARTEMISIA VULGARIS Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 848, 1753. Plates 6 to 9. Sagewort; 



Mug WORT. 



A perennial herb, sometimes suffruticose at base, from a creeping rootstock, 3 to 20 

 dm. high, with a peculiar pungent odor; stems either scattered or more commonly growing 

 in close formation, sometimes clustered on short caudex-like rootstocks, erect, simple 

 up to the inflorescence, striate or shallowly grooved, cinereous-tomentose to glabrous, 

 often reddish tinged in age; basal leaves not crowded, petioled, 6 cm. or less long, from 

 shallowly toothed near the summit to twice pinnately dissected, white-tomentose at 

 least beneath; principal and upper leaves exceedingly various in outhne and lobing, 



