A. MARITIMA — A. ROSEA. 259 



necessitate recognizing a subspecies typica in addition to the making of a new com- 

 bination. It so closely simulates A. palula glabriuscula in most of its characters that 

 its intermediate position between that and rosea is strongly suggested. 



ECOLOGY AND USES. 



Atriplex maritima is so local in America that nothing is known of its ecology and 



.5. ATRIPLEX ROSEA Linnaeus. Sp. PI. ed. 2: 1493, 17.53. Plate .38. Redscale; 



Red Orache. 



Erect annual herb, 1 to 20 dm. high, branched from the base to form rounded bushy 

 plants, or nearly simple and strict in small, starved forms, sometimes simple-stemmed 

 below, but with divaricate branches above the middle; branches slender or stout, 

 ascending, commonly a little angled, nearly glabrous, stramineous, the bark smooth and 

 persistent; leaves alternate, except the lower, either sessile or petioled, ovate or rhombic- 

 ovate to lanceolate, cuneate or rounded at base, acute or rarely somewhat obtuse at 

 apex, mucronulate, 2 to 6 cm. long, 1 to 3 cm. wide, larger in occasional plants of rapid 

 growth, remotely sinuate-dentate above the base with acute or obtuse teeth, thinly or 

 densely furfuraceous, usually gray or whitish, rarely greenish, soft but persistent and 

 becoming cartilaginous on drying; flowers monoecious, the staminate glomerules in the 

 upper axils and often also in dense terminal spikes 1 cm. or less long, the pistillate also 

 in axillary glomerules, but these beneath the staminate, many of the intermediate 

 glomerules with both staminate and pistillate flowers; perianth 4- or 5-lobed, wanting 

 in the pistillate flowers; fruiting bracts sessile, compressed, united usually to the middle, 

 rhombic or ovate from a broad base, 4 to 6 mm. long, of about the same width, occa- 

 sionally up to 8 mm. long and wide, becoming firm and strongly indurated in age, with 

 wide greenish acutely dentate margins, the sides usually sharp-tuberculate, 3-nerved; 

 seed 2 to 2.5 mm. long, dark brown, dull; radicle lateral. 



Introduced and now abundant in all of the western United States, south to Chihuahua; 

 also at various places along the Atlantic seaboard from Massachusetts to Florida; 

 native and widely distributed in the Old World. Type locality, Europe. Collections: 

 South Boston Flats, Perkins, according to Knowlton and Deane (Rhodora 17:176, 

 1915); Albany, New York, 1867, Peck (Gr, NY); Pensacola, Florida, Mohr (US); Shef- 

 field, Missouri, Bush 7058 (Gr, NY, US); Laramie, Wyoming, Nelson 8961 (Gr, NY, 

 UC, US); Granger, Wyoming, Nelson 8I4O (R, types of A. spatiosa Nelson, see below); 

 Murray, Salt Lake County, Utah, W. W. Jones 374 (Gr); Rio Arriba County, New 

 Mexico, Standley and Bolivian 10763 (US); Juarez, Chihuahua, August 23, 1909, Wooton 

 (US); Needles, Mojave Desert, California, Eastwood 5967 (SF); Ballona, near Los 

 Angeles, California, Braunton 687 (UC, US); Army Street Marsh, San Francisco, Cali- 

 fornia, September 9, 1918, Eastwood (SF); Yreka, northern California, Butler 1066 

 (UC) ; Reno, Nevada, Petersen 464 and 465 (UC) ; Yakima County, Washington, Cotton 

 889 (US); Canon County, Idaho, Macbride 736 (Gr, NY, UC, US). Numerous addi- 

 tional localities may be obtained by consulting any of the larger herbaria. 



SYNONYM. 



1. Atriplex spatiosa Nelson, Bot. Gaz. 34:360, 1902. A. rosea. 



RELATIONSHIPS. 



The relationships of this species are with A. maritima and A. tatarica. All are intro- 

 ductions from the Old World, where they are classed as belonging to the section Ohio- 

 nopsis, or Sderocalymna of Ascherson, best characterized by the hard or indurated nature 

 of the body of the bracts at maturity. The foliage of rosea, and perhaps also of the 

 others, likewise becomes hard and firm at maturity, the cartilaginous leaves persisting 

 indefinitely on the dead and pale stems. The evolutionary lines between these species 



