Vermont Shrubs and Woody Vines 75 



HOARY WILLOW, S. Candida Fliigge. Occasional in cold 

 bogs. 



sand-bar willow. S. longifolia Mtihl. {S. fltiviatalis 

 Nutt.) Occasional on sand shores of Lake Champlain and 

 Connecticut River. 



slender willow. S. petiolaris Smith. Frequent in Lake 

 Champlain swamps. 



SILKY WILLOW. S. sericca Marsh. Frequent in swamps 

 and along- streams. 



NORTHERN HOARY WILLOW. Salix pelHta Anders. Only one 

 station is known at Bloomfield. 



OAK FAMILY. CUPULIFERAE 



This family includes among trees, the oak, birch and chest- 

 nut, all of which are described in "Trees of Vermont." There 

 are also two shrubby species of oak found in southern Vermont, 

 the bear oak, {Quercus ilicifolia Wang.) and the scrub chestnut 

 oak (Q. prinoides Willd.), reference to both of which will be 

 found in the bulletin cited. Two other groups of shrubs are 

 also of this family, the alders and the hazel-nuts. Their flowers 

 appear in very early spring in separate clusters on the same plant. 

 The staminate or pollen-bearing hang as long, pendent catkins ; 

 the pistillate or seed-producing are small and upright, looking 

 more like buds than flowers. 



THE ALDERS 



There are three well-marked species of alder in Vermont 

 with possibly a fourth. Only two of them are common but all 

 three are included in the following key. Alder bark is rich in 

 tannin and has also medicinal properties. It is not, however, 

 much used in America. 



