Vermont Shrubs and Woody Vines 103 



raspberry, blackberry and dewberry. rubus. 



The raspberries and blackberries supply some of the finest 

 and most abundant of the wild fruit of Vermont. These with 

 the dewberries belong to the ,genus Riibns. It will conduce to 

 clearness sharply to segregate in one's mind the members of 

 the two fundamental groups of this genus as follows : 

 The thimble-shaped fruit or "berry" separable from the receptacle 



or "core" when ripe Raspberries. 



The fruit or "berry" firmly attached to the end of the fruit stem or 



receptacle which remains as a "core" in the mature fruit. 



Blackberries and dewberries. 

 (See key to these, page 108). 



RASPBERRrES. 



1. Leaves simple, flowers large, rose-like in color and form. 



Flowering raspberry. 



1. Leaves compound, flowers smaller, white 2 



2. Fruit red, stems bristly, without whitish bloom, stoloniferous 



(I. e. spreading by underground stems) Red raspberry. 



2. Fruit black, stems prickly, with whitish bloom (glaucous), root- 

 ing at apex Black raspberry. 



These three species of raspberry are so well known and 

 easily distinguishable as to call for an apology for the insertion 

 of the above key, except for two matters which contribute to 

 confusion of ideas. The first is the popular misuse of the 

 name "mulberry" for the flowering rasberry in Vermont. It 

 is to be hoped that this publication may contribute to the cor- 

 rect usage of these words. The second is, that where the 

 black and red raspberries grow intermingled, they may hybridize. 

 As a result the berry picker occasionally finds a "purple-cane 

 berry" which is neither red nor black, but clearly a cross be- 

 tween the two. This species, Riihus ncglcctns of the botanies, 

 has the stem, branches and tipping habit of the black raspberry, 

 with prickles of the red raspberry, and purplish red fruit Avhich 

 is firmer than the red raspberry and has something of the black 

 raspberry taste. In the garden several improved forms of this 

 ore in cultivation e. g. the Shaffer. 



