Vermont Shrubs and Woody Vines l^Y 



BLACK RASPBERRY. Rubiis occideiitaUs L. 



This is found in the lower altitudes but never as abundant- 

 ly as is the red raspberry. It always occurs in separate clusters 

 or "bushes." while the red raspberry, as explained above, usually 

 forms colonies of indefinite size. The plants are often in prox- 

 imity, however, partly due to the fact that they tend to repro- 

 duce themselves fully as much by rooting- at the tips as by seed. 

 The long arching canes are very graceful. 



BLACKBERRIES AND DEWBERRIES. 



This group is especially to be commended to the systematic 

 botanist who is seeking problems.^ Of course everyone recog- 

 nizes a blackberry bush at sight, and most would be sure of it 

 upon contact even in the dark ; but it requires an expert botanist 

 to identify all of the so-called species of blackberries found in 

 Vermont. About a dozen of those listed in the Gray's New 

 Manual of Botany occur here, several of which have been so 

 recently described that their distribution and botanical status 

 are matters of doubt. Unquestionablv some of these are hy- 

 brids between the older and more well marked species. It will 

 be necessary to await continued observation of these doubtful 

 forms, and probably to grow them from seed and to study their 

 behavior in successive generations, before the final word is said 

 as to their traits as well as regards their status. Herein lie 

 problems in the solution of which local students may participate. 

 With these facts in mind the writers have selected only the fol- 

 lowing common and clearly marked species for detailed con- 

 sideration. 



'One who is trying to acquaint himself with the details of the Ver- 

 mont blackberry problems from the standpoint of systematic botany, 

 should first consult Gray's New Manual of Botany. Both Mr. W. H. 

 Blanchard of Westminster and Dr. Ezra Brainerd of Middlebury have 

 done much work on our Vermont blackberries, and either one will 

 freely answer inquiries, identify specimens, or direct to the further 

 literature of this group. 



