164: BULI.ETIN 145 



the lower altitudes. It seems to prefer grassy swamps or sandy 

 bogs. The stems are slender, prostrate, one to four feet long, 

 rooting at the joints and throwing up erect branches a few inches 

 in height upon which the flowers and fruits are borne. It is 

 stated on good authority that cranberry culture will nearly al- 

 ways prove successful on bogs where the berry is native, provid- 

 ing certain conditions can be complied with. Chief among these 

 are : 



1. A level surface capable of drainage; 



2. Abundance of clean sand ; 



3. An ample supply of water which can at need be held in 

 storage. The flooding of the bog at will is necessary for winter 

 protection, spring retardation, and possible use in summer and 

 autumn against injurious pests or early frost. 



SMAi,i, cranbe:rry. Vacciniiim oxycoccus L. 



The stem of this species is shorter and more slender than 

 that of the larger one just described, but its habit of growth is 

 in other respects quite similar. The difference in leaf char- 

 acter is made clear by the key on the preceding page. The fruit 

 is only about one half the diameter of the larger species, reddish 

 and often speckled with white when young. The flavor is 

 similar to that of the large berry and is preferred by some. It 

 is a sub-arctic plant often found in Vermont in cold peat bogs. 

 It is collected and used, when in sufficient quantity, and is even 

 offered occasionally in the Vermont markets. This is the cran- 

 herry of the old world, large quantities being supplied from 

 Russia to the south of Europe. A variety of this species (var. 

 intermedium Gray) occurs occasionally which is intermediate in 

 leaf and fruit characters between this and the large cranberry. 



MOUNTAIN CRANBERRY. J^acciiiiiim vitis-idaca L. var. uiiniis 



Lodd. 

 This species is also known as the cowberry and foxberry. It 

 is a mountain species found in Vermont only on the summits of 



