l8 CALIFORXIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. [Proc. 30 Ser. 



terminate in dark brown teeth, like those upon the envelope 

 of the staminate flower (fig. 46) ; the other two, which al- 

 ternate with the tooth-bearing lobes, are more or less dis- 

 tinctly papillate, and may be called the stigmatic lobes (fig. 

 45). A narrow canal traverses the st3de, and surround- 

 ing the place where it enters the ovary, there are a number 

 of projecting papillae, much like those found in certain 

 Aroids. A similar group of papillce is found at the base of 

 the funiculus, close to the micropyle (fig. 47). The ovule 

 arises from the base of the ovary and is bent on itself, so 

 that the micropyle is close to the insertion of the funiculus. 

 Th€ whole structure of the pistil corresponds to that of the 

 typical Angiosperms, and it is difficult to see any valid reason 

 for accepting Magnus' view that this envelope is not of the 

 nature of a carpel. 



The origin of the female flower is identical with that of 

 the staminate one. Like the latter, the floral rudiment is 

 formed by the dichotomy of a primordium, the other half 

 of which develops into a branch; and as was the case with 

 the anther, the ovule is the transformed apex of the floral 

 shoot. In their earliest phases, the two sorts of flowers are 

 scarcely distinguishable; but while still very young, the 

 female flower can be recognized by the greater develop- 

 ment of the envelope and the more slender form of the 

 apex of the shoot. The structure of the young flower, seen 

 in longitudinal section (fig. 34), is very much like that of 

 the male flower; but the young ovule is distinctly narrower, 

 and the outer envelope (carpel) has already reached beyond 

 its apex before any trace of the ovular integuments is to be 

 seen. The arrangment of the tissues is much the same as 

 in the young anther, but the plerome consists of but a single 

 row of cells, separated from the epidermis by a single-layered 

 periblem (fig. 34). x\ noticeable difference in the two is 

 the origin of the archesporium. This, instead of arising 

 from the plerome, as in the anther, can be traced to a single 

 hypodermal cell, which, however, is apparently continuous 

 with the single axial row of plerome cells. This arche- 

 sporial cell is the shaded cell in fig. 34. 



