THE BIRDS OF CUMBERLAND. 31 



nest in a Chilian pine (or " Monkey-puzzler"), a tree 

 seldom used by any birds as a nesting site. Many 

 pairs nest upon rocks by the river side, where wood 

 prevails, and range up to an elevation of 900 feet. 



M. Atricapilla. Pied Flycatcher. 



The Pied Flycatcher is an extremely local 

 summer visitant, and generally arrives between the 

 middle and end of April, thus preceding the Spotted 

 Flycatcher. The head-quarters of the Pied Fl}^- 

 catcher, during its sojourn with us, are at Lowther 

 Park, on the borders of Cumberland and Westmor- 

 land. In this locality the Pied Flycatcher nested 

 in the time of Dr. Heysham (1797), the abundance 

 of fine timber which clothes the hanging banks of 

 the river Lowther possessing many attractions for 

 the present species, as also for the Wood Wren, 

 which is extremely numerous. From the neighbour- 

 hood of Lowther, to w^hich the majority of our 

 Pied Flycatchers appear to first proceed on vernal 

 migration, many pairs evidently pass on to breed in 

 the centre of the lake district, though they are 

 always local, and absent, or nearly so, from the 

 south and west of the district. 



When Hewitson made a tour through the English 

 lakes, he only met with the Pied Flycatcher on the 

 Eden near Edenhall, on the Eamont and Lowther, 

 besides a few examples on the borders of UUeswater. 



In the last-named district a few pairs now nest 

 sporadically. Others pass down the Eden valley, to 

 nest at sparing intervals, until Wetheral is reached, 

 a few miles above Carlisle. Others, again, travel 



