16 BULLETIN 117, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Ttica-Ttica (altitude 11,900 feet, junction of arid Temperate and 

 Puna Zones) . — The first camp of the Chapman Expedition was just off 

 the Incan highway which leaves Cuzco through the Ttica-Ttica Pass, 

 and about 3 miles west by north of that city. It is a region of hills, 

 valleys, and barrancas devoted to grazing and the growing of barley. 

 Although our visit was made in the heart of the dry season, there was 

 still some water in the stream beds of the deeper barrancas. At the 

 bottom and on the sides of these barrancas and in the smaller, tributary 

 quebradas, there was more or less low, bushy growth. This growth 

 here marked the upper limit of the arid Temperate Zone, while the 

 grass-covered areas supported the avifauna of the Puna. 



At 6 o'clock in the morning the mercury at this camp registered 

 30° F. (PI. 3.) 



Chapman Expedition, July 2 and 3, 1916, 55 specimens of 21 species. 



Huaracorulo Canyon (junction of arid Temperate and Puna Zones). — 

 A narrow, steep-walled canyon about 10 miles long, carved by the 

 Huaracondo River from Huaracondo (altitude 11,200 feet) to the 

 Urubamba River (altitude 9,800 feet). Its floor supports consid- 

 erable bushy and arborescent vegetation, well described by Heller, 

 who collected here at Chospiyoc (which see). Our camp was at 

 "Pumatalcs," the hacienda of Senor Silva, at an altitude of about 

 10,000 feet, and apparently near the point at which Heller worked. 



At 6 o'clock in the morning, July 23, the mercury registered 32° F. 



Chapman Expedition, July 23, 1916; 55 specimens of 23 species. 



OJiospiyoc (altitude 10,000 feet, junction of arid Temperate and 

 Puna Zones). — Heller's station in the Huaracondo Canyon, evi- 

 dently near the point at wliich the Chapman Expedition stopped for 

 one day. The following description was written by Mr. Heller: 



The canyon of the Huaracondo River extends from the village of that name to the 

 Urubamba Valley, where the river mingles its waters with the Rio Urubamba. Half- 

 way down the canyon is situated Chospiyoc, a collection of cultivated fields, a hut, 

 and a rickety bridge consisting of two crooked logs spanning the stream. The canyon 

 is a perfect V-shape, with steep sides and a narrow floor occupied chiefly by the 

 stream. Chospiyoc lies at 10,000 feet altitude, and the precipitous sides of the canyon 

 rise above it some 3,000 feet to the general level of the Andean ranges here. The walls 

 throughout all this half mile of vertical depth are alluvial deposits of gravel and clay, 

 with no rock masses of large extent in place. The boulders lining the creek margin 

 are many colors — white marbles, gray limestones, blackish slates, red porphyries, 

 and many others. 



Our camp was pitched near the bridge, but across the stream from the cultivated 

 fields of maize and wheat. During our stay here, in the latter part of April, the 

 peach and apple trees were laden with ripe fruit, and the grain was also quite mature. 

 The climate is quite dry at this point, most of the moisture falling at the higher alti- 

 tudes on the summits of the ridges, where the clouds are held. Rain was falling 

 abundantly at night in the region drained by the Huaracondo River, which was a 

 terra-cotta red flood loaded with sediment from the adobe soil. The temperature at 

 Chospiyoc is temperate, the days are pleasant and the nights cool, but not bitter. 

 The natural tree flora is quite extensive in species, but trees are nowhere numerous. 



