32 BULLETIN 117, UlSTITED STATES NATIOInTAL MUSEUM. 



It seems evident, therefore, that the avifauna of the Temperate 

 Zone can have originated only in the forested regions lying below 

 it, and in its parrots, humming birds, toucans, trogons, flycatchei-s, 

 tanagers, and honey creepers it is evident that we have the highly 

 differentiated descendants of tropical forms. 



The area occupied by the Temperate Zone is by no means so large 

 as that of the Subtropical Zone and the number of species inhabiting 

 it is correspondingly small. But analysis shows that the bird life 

 of the Temperate Zone is more distinct than that of any other zone. 



Of the species known from the Urubamba region 70 may be 

 accredited to the Temperate Zone. Of these, seven are wide-ranging 

 species not zonally characteristic. Examples are Falco fusco- 

 cxrulescens, Tyto i)erlata, Serpopliaga cinerea. The remaining 63 

 species represent 44 genera of which 4 genera are of general dis- 

 tribution, S Tropical, 1 Andean and southeast Brazil, 1 Andean Tem- 

 perate and South Temperate, 2 Subtropical and Temperate, while 

 28 of these genera, or nearly two- thirds the total number, are 

 restricted to the Andean Temperate Zone. 



Of the 63 characteristic species which we collected, no less than 56 

 are Andean Temperate, 7 are Subtropical and Temperate, while 

 6 of the latter are represented in the Temperate Zone by subspecies 

 which are peculiar to it. 



This remarkable degree of specialization becomes even more note- 

 worthy when the avifauna of the Temperate Zone is compared with 

 that of the Puna Zone. Comment on it may, therefore, be preceded 

 by consideration of Puna Zone bird life. 



DISTRIBUTIONAL ANALYSIS OF TEMPERATE ZONE BIRDS. 



Columba aUnpennis Genua cosmopolitan; species Temperate Zone. 



Columba albilinea Genus cosmopolitan ; species Subtropical and 



Temperate Zones. 



Mergnnetta leucogenys Temperate Zone, genus and species. 



Aratinga mitrata alticola Genus Tropical; subspecies Temperate. 



Amoropsittaca andicola Genus Tropical; species Temperate. 



Thermochalcis ruficervix Genus Tropical ; species Temperate. 



Microvus parvuhis Genus cosmopolitan ; species Temperate. 



Mio'opus montivagans Genus cosmopolitan; species Subtropical and 



Temperate Zones. 



Aglaeactis casfelnaudi Genus and species Temperate Zone. 



Heliangelus amethysticollis Genus and species Temperate Zone. 



Metallura s. smaragdinicollis Genus and species Temperate Zone. 



Oreonympha nobilis Genus and species Temperate Zone. 



Chalcost'igma stanleyi vxdcani Genus and species Temperate Zone. 



Chalcost.igma olivaceum Genus and species Temperate Zone. 



Psalidoprymna nuna Genus and species Temperate Zone. 



Sajlalopus acutirostns Genus Andean, southeast Brazil; species Tem- 

 perate Zone. 



