Contents xi 



CHAPTER VIII 



SPRING AND ITS STUDIES GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION 



AND WORLD-LANDSCAPES — SEEDLING AND BUD 



Spring Studies — Mode of Study in Botany — Phenology and Dis- 

 tribution — Aspects of Nature, Vegetation and Landscapes of the 

 World — Gerjnination — Buds and Bud-Scales — Arrangement of 

 Leaves in the Bud .... Pages 143-160 



CHAPTER IX 



LEAVES 



General Facts in regard to the Life of Leaves — Experiments, rough 

 and exact — Stitnmary of Leaf Functions — The Structure of 

 the Leaf— Palisade Cells and Chlorophyll Graitis — Shapes of 

 Leaves — Leaves adapted to special Functions — Substitutes for 

 Leaves — Vitality of the L^eaf—Fall of the Leaf . 1 6 1 - 1 89 



CHAPTER X 



SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER STUDY 



Boot and Ste?n — Flower, Fruit, and Seed — The Web of Life once 

 tnore — Systematic Botany — Morphology of Organs and Tissues 

 — Evolution ..... 190-201 



