98 NOTES AND MEMORANDA. 



irregular coagulation of its substance, such an appearance, 

 the author leaves undecided ; but he thinks the latter im- 

 probable, and leans to the view that it coincides in structure 

 with the nucleus of the freshwater Rhizopoda. 



In the three-chambered Miliolae, in one case, he saw only 

 one nucleus ; in two others two were present ; in a four- 

 chambered example he found seven, three appertaining to 

 the first chamber, one to the second, and three to the third. 

 They were all alike, except that one was smaller than the rest. 



In large examples he was mostly unsuccessful in meeting 

 with nuclei, probably due to the density with which the 

 parenchyma became filled with foreign bodies. 



The second Foraminifer in which the author succeeded in 

 demonstrating the nucleus belonged to the Perforata — a little 

 Rotalia, agreeing with M. Schultze's figure of R. veneta, the 

 chambers arranged in a flat spiral, the shell-opening of con- 

 siderable size, the protoplasm of brownish-granular and 

 opaque (except in the last chambers), the pseudopodia richly 

 granular, not very long, only slightly branched, and still 

 more rai'ely inosculating. But rarely in the living organism 

 could the author recognise the indication of the nucleus in 

 the form of a clear spot of brownish granular protoplasm ; he 

 succeeded best in young single-chambered examples ; in these 

 he found a single round nucleus, and under chromic acid he 

 could see the nucleolus. By the aid of carmine solution he 

 found that, with the growth, an increase in number of the 

 nuclei took place ; thus, in a four-chambered Rotalia at one 

 time four, at another three, nuclei ; in a three-chambered, 

 three nuclei ; whilst in other cases, in many-chambered 

 individuals, but one nucleus was recognisable. Still, it does 

 not at all follow that more might not have been present. 



On two occasions the author found in his collecting bottle 

 little bodies, which he took, with the unassisted eye, for young 

 Rotalise ; under the microscope these proved to be clusters 

 of thirty to forty young three-chambered individuals. In one 

 case the connection of these was due to a common proto- 

 plasmic envelope, from which tufts of pseudopodia radiated 

 in such abundance that they Avere perceptible to the unassisted 

 eye. They thus resembled a colony of the freshwater 

 Microffro?nia socialis. The shell was com])aratively thick, 

 and had a rough aspect, some ten to fifteen minute foramina 

 disposed irregularly on the surface. The pr()to])lasm filled 

 the two first chambers completely, the third only partially, 

 the pigment granules more co{)ious in the first. The author 

 could see nuclei herein only by the help of reagents. In 

 most cases chromic acid sufficed, but the carmine fluid 



